Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32913 commentaires

Répondre off white
à 18:21 le 22 juin 2021 
I want to show thanks to the writer for rescuing me from this scenario. As a result of surfing around throughout the internet and seeing things which were not pleasant, I assumed my entire life was done. Being alive devoid of the approaches to the problems you've solved as a result of your entire post is a serious case, and those which might have in a wrong way damaged my career if I hadn't come across your web site. The talents and kindness in maneuvering everything was invaluable. I am not sure what I would've done if I had not encountered such a solution like this. I'm able to at this moment look forward to my future. Thanks a lot so much for the skilled and effective guide. I will not be reluctant to refer your web sites to any individual who desires tips about this topic.
off white http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre pg shoes
à 18:26 le 22 juin 2021 
I have to show appreciation to this writer for rescuing me from such a difficulty. Right after looking through the search engines and seeing recommendations which were not helpful, I believed my entire life was well over. Living without the presence of answers to the problems you have sorted out as a result of this report is a serious case, as well as ones which might have badly damaged my career if I hadn't discovered your web blog. Your know-how and kindness in maneuvering all the pieces was excellent. I'm not sure what I would have done if I had not discovered such a subject like this. I'm able to at this point relish my future. Thanks a lot so much for the reliable and amazing guide. I will not think twice to refer the website to anyone who needs counselling on this situation.
pg shoes http://www.paulgeorgeshoes.us.com
Répondre kyrie 4
à 20:26 le 22 juin 2021 
My husband and i felt so joyous when Louis could finish off his web research with the ideas he grabbed out of your blog. It's not at all simplistic to just be giving freely techniques that many most people could have been making money from. Therefore we discover we have got the writer to thank for this. The entire illustrations you've made, the easy web site navigation, the relationships your site help to foster - it's all astonishing, and it is making our son in addition to the family believe that this situation is excellent, and that's exceedingly important. Many thanks for all the pieces!
kyrie 4 http://www.kyrie4shoes.us
Répondre kyrie 5 shoes
à 20:28 le 22 juin 2021 
I must show my passion for your generosity giving support to all those that really need help on this subject matter. Your real dedication to getting the solution around came to be particularly interesting and have constantly permitted others just like me to achieve their aims. The interesting facts indicates a great deal to me and extremely more to my peers. Thanks a ton; from all of us.
kyrie 5 shoes http://www.kyrie5.org
Répondre kobe shoes
à 20:52 le 22 juin 2021 
Thank you a lot for giving everyone a very wonderful possiblity to read critical reviews from this website. It can be very lovely and packed with a lot of fun for me personally and my office fellow workers to visit your web site at a minimum three times in one week to see the new things you will have. And lastly, we are at all times contented with the staggering ideas you serve. Selected two tips in this posting are in reality the simplest we have had.
kobe shoes http://www.kobe-shoes.us.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 21:32 le 22 juin 2021 
I want to express my thanks to you just for rescuing me from this problem. As a result of searching through the search engines and seeing techniques that were not powerful, I figured my life was gone. Being alive minus the strategies to the issues you've solved as a result of your main website is a critical case, and those that could have negatively affected my career if I had not discovered your blog. The understanding and kindness in maneuvering all areas was crucial. I am not sure what I would've done if I had not come across such a step like this. I can at this time relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for the skilled and amazing help. I won't hesitate to endorse the website to anybody who wants and needs assistance on this topic.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre supreme new york
à 21:32 le 22 juin 2021 
I definitely wanted to type a brief message in order to appreciate you for all of the wonderful information you are writing here. My prolonged internet search has at the end been paid with beneficial suggestions to write about with my contacts. I would admit that many of us website visitors are very fortunate to exist in a useful community with so many perfect professionals with good ideas. I feel somewhat fortunate to have discovered your entire webpages and look forward to really more amazing times reading here. Thanks once more for everything.
supreme new york http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 22:05 le 22 juin 2021 
I in addition to my guys were actually studying the great secrets and techniques located on your website and instantly came up with a terrible suspicion I had not thanked the web site owner for those techniques. Those people happened to be so joyful to study all of them and have in effect unquestionably been having fun with these things. We appreciate you indeed being really considerate as well as for pick out such great information most people are really eager to be informed on. My personal sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to earlier.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeshoodie.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 22:13 le 22 juin 2021 
Thanks so much for giving everyone an exceptionally nice possiblity to read articles and blog posts from here. It is usually so pleasant and also packed with a lot of fun for me and my office colleagues to visit the blog at least three times per week to find out the new things you have got. And of course, I'm always fascinated with the very good methods served by you. Selected 4 ideas in this post are in reality the most efficient I have had.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezy-shoes.us.org
Répondre supreme
à 22:23 le 22 juin 2021 
I wish to express my thanks to the writer for bailing me out of this particular trouble. Just after looking out through the internet and getting methods which were not beneficial, I figured my entire life was gone. Being alive without the presence of approaches to the problems you've solved through this website is a crucial case, and ones which could have badly damaged my entire career if I hadn't come across the website. Your primary mastery and kindness in playing with a lot of stuff was tremendous. I don't know what I would've done if I hadn't come upon such a point like this. I am able to now look forward to my future. Thanks so much for this impressive and result oriented guide. I will not hesitate to refer your blog post to anyone who would like guide on this problem.
supreme http://www.supremeclothing.us.org
Répondre golden goose
à 22:52 le 22 juin 2021 
I needed to put you that very little remark so as to say thanks a lot the moment again with the pleasant thoughts you've shown on this website. This has been really generous of you to present easily all that a number of us could possibly have sold as an e book to end up making some bucks for themselves, most importantly seeing that you might have done it in the event you wanted. The inspiring ideas in addition acted as a easy way to recognize that someone else have similar eagerness like my own to know the truth very much more with reference to this problem. I'm certain there are some more enjoyable moments ahead for many who see your website.
golden goose http://www.goldengooseoutletonline.us.com
Répondre kevin durant shoes
à 0:07 le 23 juin 2021 
I simply wanted to type a small comment so as to express gratitude to you for those fantastic ideas you are writing on this site. My particularly long internet investigation has now been honored with awesome ideas to share with my visitors. I 'd admit that most of us site visitors actually are undeniably fortunate to live in a great website with so many perfect professionals with good tips and hints. I feel somewhat privileged to have seen the web page and look forward to really more pleasurable moments reading here. Thanks a lot again for all the details.
kevin durant shoes http://www.kd12.us.com
Répondre retro jordans
à 1:02 le 23 juin 2021 
I needed to draft you the little bit of observation to be able to thank you very much once again over the striking methods you have shown in this case. It has been really wonderfully generous of people like you to give without restraint exactly what many of us could have distributed for an e-book in order to make some dough for themselves, certainly now that you could have tried it in the event you desired. The secrets as well acted to become good way to know that someone else have the identical interest similar to my personal own to figure out many more on the topic of this condition. Certainly there are lots of more pleasurable moments ahead for individuals who find out your blog.
retro jordans http://www.retro-jordans.us.com
Répondre 100% real jordans for cheap
à 1:34 le 23 juin 2021 
Thank you for all of your hard work on this website. Ellie takes pleasure in conducting internet research and it is obvious why. A lot of people hear all concerning the lively tactic you create sensible things on the website and as well inspire response from some other people on the concern plus our princess is undoubtedly discovering a lot of things. Have fun with the rest of the new year. You are always conducting a powerful job.
100% real jordans for cheap http://www.jordansforcheap.us.com
Répondre supreme outlet
à 2:33 le 23 juin 2021 
My spouse and i were absolutely satisfied when Albert could conclude his basic research through the ideas he grabbed through your web pages. It's not at all simplistic to simply continually be offering instructions which often a number of people could have been trying to sell. And we consider we now have the writer to thank for this. The specific illustrations you have made, the simple web site navigation, the relationships your site help to foster - it's everything fabulous, and it's assisting our son and us reckon that this subject is exciting, which is certainly extremely pressing. Thanks for everything!
supreme outlet http://www.supremesoutlet.us.com
Répondre kd 10
à 2:51 le 23 juin 2021 
I have to show my thanks to you just for rescuing me from this type of incident. Right after researching through the internet and finding techniques which were not productive, I was thinking my entire life was over. Existing devoid of the solutions to the difficulties you have resolved all through this blog post is a crucial case, as well as the kind which may have adversely damaged my career if I had not noticed your web page. Your own understanding and kindness in playing with all the details was tremendous. I'm not sure what I would've done if I had not encountered such a stuff like this. I can also at this moment look forward to my future. Thank you so much for this high quality and sensible help. I will not be reluctant to endorse the sites to anyone who should receive guidelines about this topic.
kd 10 http://www.kd10.us
Répondre yeezy 350
à 3:04 le 23 juin 2021 
Needed to post you that bit of observation in order to give many thanks yet again for these breathtaking thoughts you have provided above. It has been so seriously generous of people like you to allow unhampered all many people would've supplied for an ebook to make some cash for themselves, specifically considering that you might have tried it in case you considered necessary. These good tips likewise worked to become fantastic way to recognize that the rest have the same fervor much like my own to learn great deal more with reference to this issue. I believe there are several more fun instances ahead for those who read carefully your site.
yeezy 350 http://www.yeezy350s.com
Répondre nike sb dunk high
à 3:40 le 23 juin 2021 
Thank you so much for giving everyone an extraordinarily remarkable chance to discover important secrets from here. It really is so pleasurable and as well , packed with a great time for me personally and my office friends to search your site particularly three times every week to study the newest items you have got. And definitely, I'm always happy with the incredible things served by you. Selected 2 ideas on this page are clearly the finest I've had.
nike sb dunk high http://www.sbdunk.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 4:48 le 23 juin 2021 
I am commenting to make you understand of the fantastic encounter my daughter obtained using your webblog. She even learned numerous details, with the inclusion of how it is like to possess an awesome coaching mindset to have most people without problems learn about selected tricky topics. You actually exceeded my expectations. I appreciate you for delivering those powerful, dependable, informative and even easy tips about your topic to Mary.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothings.com
Répondre evawerotuwocu
à 4:53 le 23 juin 2021 
Annular ybs.wskl.psyenfants.net.zxa.tw potassium preservative-free [URL=http://otrmatters.com/levitra-facebook/ - mexico levitra online[/URL - [URL=http://lifelooksperfect.com/viagra/ - viagra best dosage[/URL - [URL=http://weareupnorth.com/levitra/ - discounted levitra[/URL - levitra en los ojos [URL=http://thefashionhob.com/product/doxycycline/ - doxycycline shopping on line[/URL - [URL=http://cocasinclair.com/product/flagyl-distributors-canada/ - vente flagyl en ligne[/URL - [URL=http://getfreshsd.com/lasix/ - lasix order generic[/URL - [URL=http://johncavaletto.org/cialis/ - cialis 20 mg rezeptfrei kaufen[/URL - no prescription in canada cialis [URL=http://memoiselle.com/item/generic-hydroxychloroquine-busine
ss-advertising/ - generic hydroxychloroquine business advertising[/URL - buy hydroxychloroquine from britain [URL=http://cocasinclair.com/product/dutas/ - where is dutas sold[/URL - dutas [URL=http://redlightcameraticket.net/prilox-cream/ - prilox cream[/URL - [URL=http://gasmaskedlestat.com/item/5mg-prednisone-without-presc
ription/ - walmart prednisone price[/URL - 5mg prednisone without prescription [URL=http://memoiselle.com/item/wholesale-prednisone/ - prednisone[/URL - ultrafine worldwide skills: levitra viagra 100 mg pas cher lowest cost levitra online free shipping better pills than doxycycline flagyl distributors canada lasix compare prices cialis 20 mg rezeptfrei kaufen hydroxychloroquine mg dosage best generic dutas website prilox cream prednisone buy wihout prescrition prednisone 40mg generique edges spironolactone; hindgut http://otrmatters.com/levitra-facebook/ levitra http://lifelooksperfect.com/viagra/ viagra http://weareupnorth.com/levitra/ levitra original pre?§o http://thefashionhob.com/product/doxycycline/ doxycycline shopping on line http://cocasinclair.com/product/flagyl-distributors-canada/ flagyl 200mg /canada http://getfreshsd.com/lasix/ lasix http://johncavaletto.org/cialis/ cialis http://memoiselle.com/item/generic-hydroxychloroquine-business-ad
vertising/ buy generic hydroxychloroquine australia online with no prescription http://cocasinclair.com/product/dutas/ best generic dutas website http://redlightcameraticket.net/prilox-cream/ prilox cream uk http://gasmaskedlestat.com/item/5mg-prednisone-without-prescripti
on/ prednisone for std http://memoiselle.com/item/wholesale-prednisone/ prednisone 5mg preco responsibility constipation strip other.
0