Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32930 commentaires

Répondre golden goose
à 13:45 le 25 avril 2021 
I just wanted to make a quick note to appreciate you for some of the magnificent pointers you are giving at this site. My incredibly long internet research has finally been paid with good quality facts and techniques to talk about with my visitors. I 'd mention that we readers actually are very blessed to exist in a useful site with so many wonderful professionals with beneficial secrets. I feel truly privileged to have seen your web page and look forward to many more pleasurable minutes reading here. Thanks a lot once more for a lot of things.
golden goose http://www.goldengoose-sneakers.us
Répondre authentic jordans
à 13:56 le 25 avril 2021 
I am just commenting to let you be aware of of the exceptional experience my child obtained visiting your site. She discovered many things, not to mention what it's like to possess a great giving style to get many more smoothly completely grasp specified complicated subject areas. You actually exceeded my expectations. I appreciate you for coming up with these precious, safe, informative and even cool tips on this topic to Sandra.
authentic jordans http://www.jordansforcheap.us.com
Répondre moncler jacket
à 14:18 le 25 avril 2021 
Thanks so much for giving everyone an extraordinarily brilliant possiblity to check tips from this site. It's usually so pleasurable plus full of a lot of fun for me personally and my office co-workers to search the blog the equivalent of three times in one week to study the new things you have got. And lastly, I'm also always amazed considering the powerful points served by you. Selected two tips in this post are unquestionably the most effective I've ever had.
moncler jacket http://www.monclercoat.us.com
Répondre cheap jordans
à 14:22 le 25 avril 2021 
My wife and i got thrilled that Edward managed to do his survey using the precious recommendations he was given from your very own weblog. It's not at all simplistic to just be giving out guidelines many people may have been making money from. We see we have got you to be grateful to for this. The specific explanations you made, the simple site navigation, the relationships your site aid to foster - it's mostly fantastic, and it's really facilitating our son and the family reason why the subject matter is enjoyable, and that's unbelievably fundamental. Thank you for all the pieces!
cheap jordans http://www.jordansforcheap.us.com
Répondre hermes birkin
à 15:43 le 25 avril 2021 
I wanted to draft you a little remark to say thanks as before with the superb thoughts you have featured above. This is quite shockingly generous with people like you to make openly all many of us would have made available as an electronic book to end up making some profit for their own end, principally considering the fact that you might have done it in the event you wanted. The suggestions also acted to become a good way to fully grasp that other individuals have a similar dreams just like my own to realize a whole lot more on the topic of this condition. I'm sure there are many more enjoyable instances ahead for individuals who start reading your blog post.
hermes birkin http://www.hermesbirkins.com
Répondre nike sb dunk high
à 16:13 le 25 avril 2021 
I as well as my pals have been taking note of the nice thoughts from your web blog and then all of a sudden I got a terrible suspicion I had not expressed respect to the web blog owner for those tips. Most of the young men had been for that reason happy to see them and have sincerely been enjoying these things. Many thanks for genuinely so helpful and for having this kind of essential things most people are really needing to understand about. My honest apologies for not expressing gratitude to you earlier.
nike sb dunk high http://www.sbdunk.us
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 16:13 le 25 avril 2021 
Thanks for all your valuable labor on this web site. My mother takes pleasure in conducting investigations and it's easy to understand why. Many of us notice all about the lively tactic you deliver effective tips and tricks via this web blog and in addition strongly encourage contribution from other individuals about this area of interest and my simple princess is undoubtedly starting to learn a great deal. Have fun with the rest of the new year. You have been performing a first class job.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremeshoodie.com
Répondre stephen curry shoes
à 18:55 le 25 avril 2021 
I and my friends happened to be reviewing the nice strategies from the blog and instantly got an awful suspicion I had not thanked the web site owner for those secrets. The ladies happened to be totally glad to study all of them and already have sincerely been enjoying them. Thanks for getting indeed accommodating and also for finding variety of remarkable topics millions of individuals are really needing to understand about. Our sincere regret for not saying thanks to you sooner.
stephen curry shoes http://www.stephencurry-shoes.us.com
Répondre jordan 6
à 18:55 le 25 avril 2021 
I would like to show my love for your kindness in support of those who actually need help on your content. Your personal commitment to getting the message along came to be unbelievably important and has without exception encouraged somebody like me to achieve their dreams. Your amazing useful report denotes this much to me and further more to my fellow workers. Many thanks; from all of us.
jordan 6 http://www.jordan6.us.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 20:49 le 25 avril 2021 
Needed to send you this little word just to give thanks over again for the breathtaking tips you've shared above. This has been simply surprisingly open-handed with you to grant extensively exactly what many people would've sold for an ebook in order to make some dough for their own end, especially since you could have done it if you ever wanted. These techniques likewise acted to become a easy way to fully grasp that many people have similar zeal like my personal own to know good deal more when considering this problem. I am certain there are millions of more fun occasions up front for those who read carefully your blog.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 20:49 le 25 avril 2021 
I wish to point out my love for your generosity supporting men and women that require help on your idea. Your very own commitment to passing the message across ended up being definitely useful and has always permitted individuals like me to get to their objectives. Your personal interesting key points entails much to me and far more to my colleagues. Thanks a lot; from everyone of us.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremesonline.com
Répondre curry shoes
à 20:49 le 25 avril 2021 
I wanted to create you a tiny observation to help give many thanks yet again on the wonderful tricks you have contributed in this article. It's simply particularly generous with you to deliver extensively what a lot of people would have made available for an e-book to end up making some bucks on their own, principally considering that you might have tried it if you wanted. Those things also worked as the fantastic way to be sure that someone else have the same dream just like mine to find out a whole lot more related to this problem. Certainly there are many more fun occasions ahead for folks who look over your blog.
curry shoes http://www.stephencurry-shoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 20:50 le 25 avril 2021 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extremely memorable chance to read articles and blog posts from this web site. It is always very pleasing and as well , full of a good time for me personally and my office fellow workers to search your site a minimum of three times a week to read through the fresh secrets you will have. Not to mention, I am always fulfilled concerning the terrific suggestions served by you. Selected 1 ideas on this page are in reality the most effective I've ever had.
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezy-boost.us.com
Répondre curry 8
à 20:50 le 25 avril 2021 
I'm just commenting to let you be aware of what a cool discovery my cousin's girl enjoyed browsing your site. She picked up lots of details, which included what it's like to possess a very effective teaching nature to have other individuals just learn about a variety of very confusing matters. You actually surpassed our desires. Thanks for imparting the insightful, healthy, explanatory and as well as fun tips about this topic to Janet.
curry 8 http://www.curry8.us
Répondre kyrie spongebob
à 20:50 le 25 avril 2021 
Thank you for all your hard work on this web site. My niece really likes managing investigations and it is simple to grasp why. We know all concerning the lively medium you produce precious steps by means of this web site and as well inspire participation from visitors on the concept so our favorite child is truly studying a whole lot. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the new year. Your conducting a first class job.
kyrie spongebob http://www.kyrie5spongebob.us
Répondre moncler jacket
à 20:51 le 25 avril 2021 
Thanks so much for giving everyone such a brilliant opportunity to read from this site. It really is very useful and also full of amusement for me and my office fellow workers to search your web site not less than thrice in a week to read through the fresh things you have got. Not to mention, we are usually contented with the wonderful knowledge you serve. Some 1 tips in this posting are surely the best I have ever had.
moncler jacket http://www.monclercoat.us.com
Répondre hermes online
à 20:51 le 25 avril 2021 
I have to express my affection for your kindness giving support to women who have the need for guidance on this particular niche. Your personal dedication to passing the message along turned out to be surprisingly advantageous and has continuously enabled people just like me to achieve their aims. Your entire valuable tips and hints signifies so much to me and far more to my office workers. Thanks a ton; from everyone of us.
hermes online http://www.hermesonlineshop.com
Répondre hermes birkin
à 21:17 le 25 avril 2021 
I not to mention my pals were actually digesting the nice strategies from the blog while immediately came up with a terrible suspicion I never thanked the web blog owner for those tips. Those young boys were definitely as a consequence glad to read them and have in effect sincerely been taking pleasure in those things. Thanks for genuinely well considerate and for going for some useful tips most people are really eager to discover. My sincere regret for not expressing appreciation to you sooner.
hermes birkin http://www.birkinbag.us.com
Répondre icagomifru
à 21:57 le 25 avril 2021 
Histological vzw.nfdp.psyenfants.net.iqz.de casualty, allay recommenced [URL=http://naturenibbles.com/drugs/isotretinoin/ - cheapest way to buy isotretinoin[/URL - [URL=http://beauviva.com/item/prednisone-for-sale-no-prescription
/ - prednisone[/URL - [URL=http://beauviva.com/item/lasix-cheap-prescription/ - lasix[/URL - [URL=http://iliannloeb.com/discounts-on-cialis-professional/ - cialis professional[/URL - [URL=http://addresslocality.net/famvir/ - apotheke famvir bestellen[/URL - [URL=http://cgodirek.com/cialis/ - cialis 20mg[/URL - [URL=http://americanazachary.com/product/can-you-buy-prednisone-o
n-line/ - buy online generic prednisone[/URL - [URL=http://naturalbloodpressuresolutions.com/tadalafil/ - tadalafil pills for sale[/URL - [URL=http://aawaaart.com/sildalist/ - sildalist[/URL - [URL=http://mplseye.com/prednisone/ - prednisone[/URL - [URL=http://thenectarystpaul.com/product/hydroxychloroquine/ - hydroxychloroquine[/URL - [URL=http://americanazachary.com/buying-guaranted-quality-lasix/ - buying guaranted quality lasix[/URL - [URL=http://alanhawkshaw.net/item/bactrim/ - bactrim daily[/URL - [URL=http://goldpanningtools.com/item/prednisone-in-mexico/ - prednisone in mexico[/URL - [URL=http://thatpizzarecipe.com/pill/genf20-plus/ - genf20 plus[/URL - irreducibility today, isotretinoin argentina precio buy real prednisone from canada best lasix prices online cialis professional in canada online prescription free famvir australia generic cialis at walmart cialis prednisone costs tadalafil sildalist get prednisone prescription now buying cheap hydroxychloroquine online buy lasix online in bactrim md prednisone tadalafil australia lowest price generic genf20 plus anion http://naturenibbles.com/drugs/isotretinoin/ isotretinoin http://beauviva.com/item/prednisone-for-sale-no-prescription/ buy prednisone 20 mg in toronto http://beauviva.com/item/lasix-cheap-prescription/ lasix 100mg australia http://iliannloeb.com/discounts-on-cialis-professional/ cialis professional in berlin http://addresslocality.net/famvir/ famvir 250 mg dosage http://cgodirek.com/cialis/ cialis canada http://americanazachary.com/product/can-you-buy-prednisone-on-lin
e/ prednisone online answers http://naturalbloodpressuresolutions.com/tadalafil/ tadalafil http://aawaaart.com/sildalist/ order sildalist online http://mplseye.com/prednisone/ prednisone dozirovka mg precio generico http://thenectarystpaul.com/product/hydroxychloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine rezeptfrei http://americanazachary.com/buying-guaranted-quality-lasix/ lasix tablets capsules lasix online in france http://alanhawkshaw.net/item/bactrim/ bactrim http://goldpanningtools.com/item/prednisone-in-mexico/ achat prednisone france http://thatpizzarecipe.com/pill/genf20-plus/ genf20 plus cellulites cardio-oesophageal metastatic suboptimally.
Répondre birkin bag
à 22:07 le 25 avril 2021 
I simply desired to appreciate you again. I'm not certain the things that I would've carried out in the absence of the entire solutions documented by you over this topic. It seemed to be an absolute difficult setting in my opinion, but looking at a expert mode you handled the issue forced me to weep with happiness. I'm just thankful for the guidance as well as sincerely hope you realize what a powerful job you have been accomplishing training most people using your web page. More than likely you've never come across all of us.
birkin bag http://www.birkinbag.us.com
0