Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32935 commentaires

Répondre yeezys
à 8:20 le 23 mars 2021 
I and also my buddies have already been looking at the great solutions on your web blog and then came up with an awful suspicion I had not thanked the web blog owner for those secrets. Those young boys appeared to be absolutely passionate to see them and already have simply been loving these things. Appreciate your actually being well kind and then for deciding upon such very good information millions of individuals are really needing to learn about. Our own honest regret for not expressing gratitude to earlier.
yeezys http://www.adidasyeezysupply.com
Répondre yeezy boost
à 8:35 le 23 mars 2021 
My husband and i felt quite thankful Jordan could finish off his reports via the precious recommendations he obtained when using the web pages. It is now and again perplexing to just possibly be offering helpful hints some people could have been selling. And we already know we've got the blog owner to thank for this. Most of the illustrations you have made, the straightforward web site navigation, the relationships your site make it possible to foster - it's got all exceptional, and it's making our son and our family know that the content is excellent, and that is exceptionally important. Many thanks for all the pieces!
yeezy boost http://www.yeezy-boost.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 12:11 le 23 mars 2021 
I together with my friends were checking out the best secrets from your website and before long I had a terrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the blog owner for those tips. All the boys came certainly thrilled to see them and already have simply been taking advantage of these things. We appreciate you actually being so thoughtful as well as for getting this sort of excellent topics millions of individuals are really desirous to know about. Our own sincere apologies for not expressing gratitude to you earlier.
jordan shoes http://www.shoesjordan.us.com
Répondre giannis antetokounmpo shoes
à 12:43 le 23 mars 2021 
A lot of thanks for your entire work on this website. Debby really loves getting into internet research and it is simple to grasp why. My spouse and i notice all regarding the dynamic ways you give very important guidance through this website and therefore strongly encourage response from other ones on the theme plus our own princess is actually understanding a whole lot. Have fun with the remaining portion of the year. You are always carrying out a fabulous job.
giannis antetokounmpo shoes http://www.giannisantetokounmposhoes.us
Répondre goyard handbags
à 12:55 le 23 mars 2021 
I must show my thanks to you just for bailing me out of this dilemma. As a result of surfing throughout the the net and getting tricks which were not helpful, I figured my entire life was well over. Being alive devoid of the strategies to the issues you've resolved as a result of your posting is a serious case, as well as the kind which could have negatively affected my career if I had not encountered your website. The capability and kindness in maneuvering the whole thing was crucial. I don't know what I would have done if I had not encountered such a subject like this. I am able to now relish my future. Thanks very much for your impressive and results-oriented help. I won't think twice to refer your web sites to any individual who needs and wants support about this subject.
goyard handbags http://www.goyardhandbag.us
Répondre stone island
à 13:26 le 23 mars 2021 
I am glad for commenting to let you be aware of of the helpful experience my friend's child gained reading through yuor web blog. She picked up a lot of pieces, not to mention how it is like to possess an excellent helping heart to get folks easily comprehend chosen hard to do topics. You actually did more than our own expected results. Many thanks for coming up with such interesting, healthy, edifying and even fun tips about the topic to Lizeth.
stone island http://www.stone-island.us.com
Répondre curry shoes
à 13:27 le 23 mars 2021 
I would like to express my passion for your generosity giving support to individuals who need help on this one situation. Your real dedication to getting the message along turned out to be quite useful and has consistently permitted people like me to realize their endeavors. This invaluable help and advice denotes so much a person like me and far more to my office workers. Thanks a lot; from all of us.
curry shoes http://www.curryshoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy 350
à 13:27 le 23 mars 2021 
I simply had to thank you so much once more. I do not know the things that I could possibly have gone through without the entire points revealed by you directly on this concern. Completely was a real depressing condition in my opinion, but taking note of your well-written fashion you treated that took me to cry for delight. I am just happier for the help and as well , pray you realize what a great job you were providing instructing some other people using a web site. Probably you haven't come across all of us.
yeezy 350 http://www.yeezy350boostv2s.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 13:27 le 23 mars 2021 
I needed to create you that little observation so as to thank you so much once again just for the breathtaking secrets you've shared on this website. It's quite strangely generous with people like you to present extensively what exactly many people would have marketed for an e-book to help with making some dough on their own, certainly considering that you could have tried it if you ever wanted. The inspiring ideas also worked to provide a easy way to know that most people have the identical interest the same as my very own to know the truth good deal more pertaining to this problem. I think there are numerous more pleasurable opportunities in the future for individuals who start reading your website.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothings.us.com
Répondre bape hoodie
à 13:27 le 23 mars 2021 
I truly wanted to write a simple note so as to appreciate you for some of the remarkable guidelines you are posting here. My rather long internet search has at the end been compensated with brilliant facts and techniques to talk about with my two friends. I would claim that most of us readers are rather lucky to exist in a fantastic website with so many wonderful individuals with interesting tricks. I feel truly blessed to have encountered your entire weblog and look forward to really more brilliant moments reading here. Thanks a lot once more for a lot of things.
bape hoodie http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre moncler jacket
à 13:27 le 23 mars 2021 
I needed to put you one tiny note so as to give many thanks over again regarding the spectacular knowledge you've shown here. It is simply tremendously open-handed of people like you to make without restraint exactly what most of us might have marketed for an ebook to help with making some bucks on their own, specifically considering that you could possibly have done it if you ever wanted. The things likewise served like a fantastic way to be sure that the rest have a similar desire much like mine to see very much more around this issue. Certainly there are a lot more enjoyable occasions in the future for individuals who scan through your blog.
moncler jacket http://www.monclersoutletstore.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 13:28 le 23 mars 2021 
I am glad for writing to let you know what a magnificent experience my girl developed going through your site. She mastered so many pieces, including how it is like to possess a very effective teaching style to get the rest clearly fully grasp chosen impossible things. You really surpassed our expected results. Thank you for coming up with such beneficial, trustworthy, educational and even unique tips on the topic to Mary.
supreme clothing http://www.supremesclothing.us.org
Répondre lebron 18
à 13:28 le 23 mars 2021 
I would like to express appreciation to you just for bailing me out of such a incident. Just after scouting through the online world and seeing strategies which are not pleasant, I assumed my life was gone. Existing minus the strategies to the difficulties you have resolved by means of your entire article is a crucial case, as well as those that would have negatively damaged my entire career if I had not encountered the website. Your mastery and kindness in maneuvering all areas was excellent. I don't know what I would've done if I hadn't encountered such a step like this. I am able to at this time relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for this professional and amazing help. I won't hesitate to suggest your web sites to anyone who would like support on this problem.
lebron 18 http://www.lebron18shoes.us
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 13:33 le 23 mars 2021 
I truly wanted to type a note to be able to appreciate you for some of the wonderful steps you are placing on this site. My rather long internet look up has finally been honored with awesome concept to go over with my family members. I 'd point out that many of us readers are rather blessed to live in a remarkable network with many brilliant people with beneficial points. I feel quite happy to have seen your entire webpage and look forward to really more pleasurable minutes reading here. Thanks again for all the details.
golden goose sneakers http://www.golden-goose.us
Répondre kyrie 5 shoes
à 13:45 le 23 mars 2021 
I actually wanted to post a simple remark in order to appreciate you for all the amazing tactics you are giving out on this website. My extensive internet research has at the end of the day been paid with reliable knowledge to exchange with my colleagues. I would express that most of us site visitors actually are definitely fortunate to exist in a great community with very many perfect professionals with interesting tricks. I feel really privileged to have discovered your entire webpage and look forward to many more enjoyable moments reading here. Thanks a lot again for a lot of things.
kyrie 5 shoes http://www.kyrie5.org
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 14:09 le 23 mars 2021 
I not to mention my pals came reading through the great recommendations on your website and so immediately came up with a horrible feeling I never expressed respect to the web site owner for those tips. My ladies are actually as a consequence glad to study them and have in effect simply been enjoying these things. Thank you for truly being simply accommodating and for picking out these kinds of beneficial subject areas millions of individuals are really needing to understand about. Our own honest regret for not saying thanks to sooner.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoosesonline.com
Répondre canada goose
à 14:25 le 23 mars 2021 
I simply wished to say thanks again. I do not know the things that I would have followed in the absence of the type of ways documented by you about my subject. It had become a very difficult concern for me, however , understanding the very well-written form you managed that made me to leap with contentment. I'm grateful for the advice and as well , believe you recognize what a great job that you're putting in instructing many people through the use of your web page. More than likely you have never got to know any of us.
canada goose http://www.canadagooses-outlet.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 14:26 le 23 mars 2021 
I wanted to send a small note in order to appreciate you for all the amazing pointers you are sharing at this site. My particularly long internet research has now been recognized with extremely good knowledge to write about with my friends and family. I would express that most of us readers actually are rather endowed to live in a wonderful place with very many brilliant individuals with very helpful solutions. I feel really privileged to have used your website page and look forward to some more entertaining minutes reading here. Thanks a lot once again for all the details.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothings.com
Répondre birkin bag
à 14:26 le 23 mars 2021 
I together with my guys were looking at the great helpful hints from your web site while quickly came up with a terrible feeling I never thanked the blog owner for them. My young men were so thrilled to see them and now have pretty much been taking advantage of these things. Appreciation for being considerably kind and for going for some smart subjects most people are really wanting to know about. Our honest regret for not saying thanks to sooner.
birkin bag http://www.hermesonlineshop.com
Répondre jordan 4
à 14:27 le 23 mars 2021 
Needed to draft you one tiny remark to finally say thanks as before on the wonderful concepts you've contributed at this time. This is certainly seriously generous with you to give unhampered all most people might have marketed for an ebook in making some profit for themselves, and in particular now that you might well have done it if you decided. These guidelines also served as a easy way to recognize that many people have the same fervor similar to my personal own to see great deal more in respect of this problem. I'm certain there are thousands of more fun situations in the future for people who take a look at your blog post.
jordan 4 http://www.jordan4.us.com
0