Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre stone island sale
à 18:21 le 4 janvier 2021 
Thank you for every one of your hard work on this site. My mum enjoys getting into research and it is easy to see why. A lot of people know all about the dynamic mode you render effective guides by means of this blog and as well as inspire contribution from some others on the situation while our own simple princess is certainly learning a lot of things. Enjoy the rest of the year. You're the one carrying out a fabulous job.
stone island sale http://www.stoneislands.us
Répondre kyrie 6 shoes
à 18:30 le 4 janvier 2021 
I wanted to compose you the little bit of remark to be able to say thanks yet again relating to the wonderful knowledge you've contributed in this article. It is really wonderfully open-handed with people like you to supply without restraint just what a few individuals might have advertised for an e book to help make some profit on their own, notably considering that you might well have tried it in case you considered necessary. The inspiring ideas likewise worked to become good way to be aware that other individuals have the identical desire like my own to learn great deal more concerning this problem. I know there are many more fun instances ahead for individuals that view your blog post.
kyrie 6 shoes http://www.kyrie6.org
Répondre pandora
à 18:43 le 4 janvier 2021 
I wish to express some thanks to you just for bailing me out of this type of issue. After checking throughout the internet and seeing things which were not beneficial, I assumed my entire life was gone. Existing minus the approaches to the issues you have resolved by way of your good short post is a critical case, as well as the ones that might have in a wrong way damaged my career if I had not come across the website. Your own competence and kindness in touching every part was important. I don't know what I would've done if I hadn't encountered such a step like this. I am able to at this point relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for the high quality and sensible guide. I won't be reluctant to suggest your site to anyone who needs and wants guidelines on this situation.
pandora http://www.pandorascharms.us
Répondre bape
à 18:59 le 4 janvier 2021 
I precisely wanted to appreciate you yet again. I'm not certain the things that I would have taken care of in the absence of these creative ideas discussed by you about that problem. It has been a real alarming crisis in my circumstances, nevertheless taking note of this well-written avenue you handled it forced me to leap over happiness. I'm happy for your help as well as believe you comprehend what a great job your are undertaking educating others thru a site. I'm certain you haven't got to know all of us.
bape http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre bape
à 19:06 le 4 janvier 2021 
I not to mention my friends have been examining the great points found on your web site and then before long got a horrible suspicion I never thanked you for those strategies. All of the boys are already for that reason happy to see them and have in effect undoubtedly been tapping into them. Thank you for simply being quite thoughtful as well as for picking such fine useful guides most people are really desperate to be aware of. My very own honest apologies for not expressing gratitude to sooner.
bape http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre lebron james shoes
à 19:24 le 4 janvier 2021 
I have to express some thanks to the writer for bailing me out of this particular trouble. After looking out throughout the world-wide-web and getting things which are not productive, I was thinking my life was well over. Living minus the solutions to the difficulties you've sorted out by means of this post is a critical case, and the kind that would have badly affected my career if I had not come across the website. Your training and kindness in maneuvering all things was precious. I'm not sure what I would've done if I had not discovered such a solution like this. I can also at this moment look forward to my future. Thanks for your time very much for your professional and results-oriented guide. I won't think twice to endorse your site to any person who should get support about this topic.
lebron james shoes http://www.lebron18.net
Répondre kenzo clothing
à 19:24 le 4 janvier 2021 
I wish to convey my affection for your kind-heartedness in support of those individuals that must have guidance on the topic. Your real dedication to passing the message around became really effective and has frequently enabled regular people like me to realize their targets. Your own interesting publication implies a great deal to me and much more to my peers. With thanks; from everyone of us.
kenzo clothing http://www.kenzos.us
Répondre kobe
à 19:28 le 4 janvier 2021 
I simply needed to say thanks all over again. I am not sure the things I could possibly have accomplished in the absence of the type of hints shared by you about such concern. It became a real frightful concern for me, but encountering this well-written technique you resolved it took me to cry for happiness. Extremely thankful for the service and then pray you recognize what an amazing job you have been carrying out instructing people all through your websites. More than likely you've never got to know any of us.
kobe http://www.kobe.us.com
Répondre curry shoes
à 19:29 le 4 janvier 2021 
I needed to draft you this very small observation just to thank you so much as before for those beautiful strategies you've contributed in this case. It has been quite extremely open-handed of people like you to offer publicly exactly what many of us could have advertised for an e-book to make some money for themselves, most importantly given that you might well have tried it in case you desired. Those secrets additionally acted to become a fantastic way to comprehend other individuals have the identical fervor just like my own to know more on the topic of this matter. I know there are millions of more enjoyable situations in the future for folks who browse through your blog.
curry shoes http://www.stephencurry-shoes.us.com
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 19:29 le 4 janvier 2021 
I wanted to compose you one tiny note just to say thanks the moment again for all the fantastic guidelines you have documented in this article. This is quite particularly generous with you to present easily just what a number of people could possibly have distributed as an electronic book to help make some money for themselves, chiefly now that you might well have done it if you ever desired. The suggestions also acted to be a easy way to be certain that most people have the identical desire much like my very own to understand a good deal more pertaining to this matter. I'm certain there are millions of more pleasurable times up front for individuals who start reading your website.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrieirvingshoes.us.com
Répondre off white hoodie
à 19:29 le 4 janvier 2021 
I enjoy you because of all your valuable efforts on this site. My aunt really loves making time for investigations and it's easy to see why. We all hear all of the compelling medium you offer both useful and interesting things by means of the website and attract response from others on the subject matter while my daughter is really understanding a lot. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. Your performing a remarkable job.
off white hoodie http://www.off--white.us.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 19:30 le 4 janvier 2021 
My husband and i got very delighted when Chris managed to do his reports from your precious recommendations he obtained when using the site. It is now and again perplexing to just happen to be offering secrets and techniques a number of people might have been trying to sell. We really realize we now have you to appreciate for that. The main explanations you made, the simple web site menu, the friendships you help to create - it's mostly sensational, and it's really letting our son and our family do think this situation is awesome, which is certainly especially indispensable. Many thanks for everything!
supreme hoodie http://www.supremeshoodie.com
Répondre air jordan
à 19:31 le 4 janvier 2021 
I simply wanted to develop a message to express gratitude to you for the great steps you are giving out here. My extended internet look up has finally been honored with beneficial information to share with my family. I would point out that most of us website visitors are quite lucky to exist in a decent community with so many brilliant professionals with very beneficial methods. I feel very happy to have discovered your web page and look forward to really more amazing moments reading here. Thanks once again for a lot of things.
air jordan http://www.airjordansstore.com
Répondre off white jordan 1
à 19:31 le 4 janvier 2021 
I wanted to compose a comment so as to appreciate you for some of the stunning tips you are giving out at this website. My time-consuming internet research has finally been honored with good strategies to write about with my friends and classmates. I 'd declare that many of us readers actually are very much lucky to dwell in a wonderful community with so many awesome individuals with good basics. I feel somewhat privileged to have encountered your entire web page and look forward to tons of more awesome minutes reading here. Thanks once again for a lot of things.
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhiteshoes.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 19:35 le 4 janvier 2021 
I want to express thanks to the writer just for rescuing me from such a challenge. Just after exploring throughout the world-wide-web and finding basics which were not helpful, I was thinking my life was well over. Living without the presence of approaches to the problems you have solved by way of the site is a critical case, and the ones that could have in a negative way affected my entire career if I had not encountered your web site. Your good understanding and kindness in handling a lot of things was excellent. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a stuff like this. I am able to at this moment look forward to my future. Thanks very much for the reliable and amazing help. I will not hesitate to endorse your web sites to any person who requires guidance on this issue.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre curry 5 shoes
à 19:44 le 4 janvier 2021 
I would like to express my thanks to this writer for bailing me out of this type of trouble. Just after scouting through the the web and meeting opinions which were not productive, I thought my life was well over. Existing without the presence of approaches to the issues you have resolved all through the report is a serious case, and ones that might have adversely affected my career if I had not come across your blog post. Your capability and kindness in handling all the things was priceless. I'm not sure what I would've done if I had not come upon such a stuff like this. I'm able to at this moment look ahead to my future. Thank you very much for the high quality and amazing help. I won't think twice to suggest your web site to anyone who should have counselling on this subject matter.
curry 5 shoes http://www.curry5.us.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 19:44 le 4 janvier 2021 
I have to convey my respect for your kindness for persons who really need help on this particular content. Your real commitment to passing the message all around had been exceedingly significant and have consistently enabled men and women much like me to attain their goals. Your useful advice implies this much to me and even further to my mates. With thanks; from all of us.
yeezy shoes http://www.shoesyeezy.us
Répondre golden goose
à 20:01 le 4 janvier 2021 
I have to convey my admiration for your kindness in support of those people who must have assistance with this particular matter. Your special commitment to getting the solution across became rather invaluable and have without exception helped girls just like me to arrive at their dreams. Your own informative facts means a lot a person like me and much more to my fellow workers. Thank you; from all of us.
golden goose http://www.goldengoose-outlet.us.com
Répondre retro jordans
à 20:37 le 4 janvier 2021 
My wife and i got contented when Chris could finish off his web research through your precious recommendations he acquired out of your blog. It is now and again perplexing to just be giving out secrets and techniques which the others have been trying to sell. And we all know we need the writer to give thanks to for this. The main explanations you've made, the straightforward blog navigation, the friendships you help to foster - it's got many terrific, and it is helping our son and us do think that issue is excellent, and that's unbelievably vital. Many thanks for all the pieces!
retro jordans http://www.retro-jordans.us.com
Répondre curry 6
à 20:37 le 4 janvier 2021 
I wanted to compose you that bit of remark to finally say thank you over again about the superb tips you have discussed on this website. It is certainly pretty generous with people like you to supply extensively what many individuals could have marketed for an ebook to end up making some money for their own end, primarily since you might well have tried it in case you desired. The points in addition served to become a fantastic way to know that other people online have similar zeal just like my very own to see many more related to this issue. Certainly there are many more fun opportunities in the future for those who read carefully your site.
curry 6 http://www.curry6shoes.us
0