Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre kd 12
à 1:43 le 10 janvier 2021 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with an extraordinarily superb opportunity to read articles and blog posts from this blog. It is always very terrific and as well , packed with fun for me and my office friends to search your blog at the very least 3 times every week to read through the fresh guidance you have. And lastly, I'm so at all times happy concerning the eye-popping creative concepts you serve. Some 3 tips in this post are ultimately the best I've had.
kd 12 http://www.kd12.org
Répondre kobe 11
à 1:43 le 10 janvier 2021 
I want to show thanks to you for rescuing me from such a scenario. After checking throughout the world-wide-web and seeing thoughts which are not helpful, I figured my entire life was done. Existing without the answers to the difficulties you have sorted out by means of your entire review is a crucial case, and the ones that would have in a wrong way damaged my career if I had not encountered the blog. Your own expertise and kindness in handling a lot of things was helpful. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't encountered such a thing like this. I am able to now look forward to my future. Thanks for your time so much for the professional and amazing guide. I will not think twice to refer your web site to anyone who desires guide on this subject matter.
kobe 11 http://www.kobebasketballshoes.net
Répondre kawhi leonard shoes
à 1:43 le 10 janvier 2021 
A lot of thanks for all of your labor on this site. Kim takes pleasure in setting aside time for investigation and it is easy to understand why. We learn all about the dynamic way you make precious guides through your website and as well as boost participation from others on this subject while our favorite daughter is actually learning so much. Have fun with the rest of the year. You have been conducting a really great job.
kawhi leonard shoes http://www.kawhileonardshoes.us
Répondre adidas yeezy
à 1:45 le 10 janvier 2021 
I wish to show thanks to you for bailing me out of this type of difficulty. After surfing throughout the the web and obtaining notions which were not beneficial, I was thinking my entire life was over. Being alive minus the strategies to the difficulties you have solved as a result of your good write-up is a critical case, as well as the kind that would have negatively damaged my career if I hadn't come across your blog. Your actual know-how and kindness in touching all the things was crucial. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not come upon such a point like this. I can now look ahead to my future. Thanks so much for your specialized and results-oriented help. I will not think twice to recommend the sites to anyone who ought to have guidance on this matter.
adidas yeezy http://www.adidasyeezyshoes.com
Répondre curry 6
à 2:05 le 10 janvier 2021 
My spouse and i felt so glad when Chris could complete his preliminary research through your precious recommendations he discovered out of the blog. It's not at all simplistic to just continually be handing out helpful tips which usually others could have been trying to sell. And we take into account we now have the blog owner to be grateful to because of that. All of the explanations you've made, the easy site navigation, the friendships you make it easier to instill - it is all amazing, and it is facilitating our son in addition to our family imagine that this article is satisfying, which is wonderfully essential. Thank you for all!
curry 6 http://www.curry6shoes.us
Répondre moncler jackets
à 2:08 le 10 janvier 2021 
Thank you a lot for giving everyone an exceptionally breathtaking chance to read from this blog. It really is so pleasing and as well , full of fun for me personally and my office co-workers to search your web site at minimum 3 times in one week to find out the latest guidance you will have. And of course, I am also always amazed with all the great creative ideas you give. Certain 4 areas on this page are ultimately the most beneficial I've ever had.
moncler jackets http://www.monclerjackets.us
Répondre yeezy boost
à 2:08 le 10 janvier 2021 
I simply wanted to say thanks yet again. I'm not certain the things that I would have taken care of in the absence of the actual suggestions contributed by you on this theme. This was the daunting problem in my view, nevertheless observing the very skilled mode you solved it forced me to leap with gladness. I'm just grateful for this assistance and then sincerely hope you are aware of a powerful job you have been accomplishing teaching some other people with the aid of a blog. I'm certain you've never encountered all of us.
yeezy boost http://www.yeezy-boost.com
Répondre jordan 12
à 2:09 le 10 janvier 2021 
I together with my buddies have already been digesting the nice key points from your site while then came up with a terrible feeling I never expressed respect to the blog owner for them. Those women had been absolutely passionate to study all of them and already have actually been tapping into those things. Appreciate your simply being quite considerate as well as for picking such smart subjects millions of individuals are really desirous to understand about. My very own honest apologies for not expressing gratitude to sooner.
jordan 12 http://www.jordan12.us.com
Répondre supreme shirt
à 2:09 le 10 janvier 2021 
I have to show thanks to the writer for bailing me out of this type of incident. Because of researching throughout the the web and getting techniques which were not helpful, I figured my entire life was gone. Existing without the presence of approaches to the difficulties you've sorted out through your main site is a crucial case, as well as ones which might have negatively affected my entire career if I hadn't come across your blog. Your personal mastery and kindness in dealing with everything was important. I'm not sure what I would've done if I hadn't discovered such a thing like this. I can also at this moment look forward to my future. Thanks so much for your high quality and amazing guide. I won't think twice to refer your blog post to any person who needs to have guide about this subject.
supreme shirt http://www.supreme.us.org
Répondre balenciaga shoes
à 2:09 le 10 janvier 2021 
I would like to convey my respect for your generosity giving support to people that actually need guidance on this idea. Your very own commitment to passing the message all-around came to be really effective and have usually helped regular people just like me to arrive at their aims. Your useful facts signifies much a person like me and far more to my office workers. With thanks; from everyone of us.
balenciaga shoes http://www.balenciagasus.com
Répondre supreme
à 2:09 le 10 janvier 2021 
I wish to express my love for your kindness giving support to persons that actually need help with the idea. Your personal commitment to getting the solution up and down has been particularly significant and has continually allowed somebody much like me to realize their pursuits. Your amazing helpful tips and hints indicates this much a person like me and somewhat more to my mates. With thanks; from everyone of us.
supreme http://www.supremeclothings.com
Répondre nike sb dunk low
à 3:30 le 10 janvier 2021 
I and also my friends were analyzing the good solutions found on the blog and then all of the sudden got a horrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the web site owner for those secrets. My young boys happened to be consequently glad to read all of them and already have honestly been enjoying those things. Thank you for really being very helpful and also for choosing such decent subject areas millions of individuals are really wanting to know about. Our honest regret for not expressing appreciation to earlier.
nike sb dunk low http://www.sbdunk.us
Répondre stephen curry shoes
à 4:14 le 10 janvier 2021 
I would like to express some appreciation to the writer for rescuing me from this trouble. Right after surfing around throughout the world wide web and obtaining ideas that were not productive, I thought my life was over. Existing devoid of the strategies to the difficulties you have fixed by way of your entire guideline is a crucial case, and those which may have negatively affected my entire career if I had not encountered your website. Your own personal natural talent and kindness in taking care of a lot of stuff was priceless. I don't know what I would've done if I had not come upon such a subject like this. I can also at this point look forward to my future. Thanks for your time very much for the skilled and effective guide. I won't be reluctant to refer your web page to any person who desires guidelines about this subject.
stephen curry shoes http://www.stephencurry-shoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy
à 4:50 le 10 janvier 2021 
My wife and i ended up being absolutely thrilled Louis managed to carry out his homework using the precious recommendations he got from your site. It is now and again perplexing to just happen to be giving for free key points that many some others could have been making money from. We do understand we now have you to be grateful to for that. The entire explanations you've made, the simple blog menu, the friendships you will make it easier to engender - it is many overwhelming, and it's really assisting our son in addition to our family reckon that the subject matter is enjoyable, which is certainly very pressing. Thank you for the whole thing!
yeezy http://www.yeezy-boost.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 5:18 le 10 janvier 2021 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone a very nice chance to check tips from this blog. It is usually very pleasurable plus full of fun for me personally and my office acquaintances to visit your site at minimum thrice in 7 days to see the latest issues you will have. And lastly, we are at all times impressed with all the exceptional concepts served by you. Certain 3 ideas in this article are certainly the most efficient I've ever had.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengooseoutlets.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 5:21 le 10 janvier 2021 
I precisely desired to say thanks again. I am not sure what I would've done without these tips and hints contributed by you on such field. Completely was a horrifying matter in my circumstances, however , considering the very specialised avenue you processed the issue took me to weep over contentment. I will be grateful for this work and even expect you are aware of an amazing job that you're providing instructing people all through your site. Probably you've never met any of us.
jordan shoes http://www.shoesjordan.us.com
Répondre moncler
à 5:35 le 10 janvier 2021 
I would like to show appreciation to this writer for rescuing me from this crisis. Because of searching through the world wide web and coming across strategies which are not pleasant, I assumed my entire life was done. Existing devoid of the strategies to the issues you've solved through this blog post is a serious case, and ones that would have in a wrong way damaged my career if I had not discovered the blog. Your primary expertise and kindness in maneuvering the whole thing was very helpful. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a subject like this. I can also now look forward to my future. Thank you very much for your expert and amazing guide. I won't hesitate to refer the sites to any person who would like counselling about this subject matter.
moncler http://www.monclerjackets.us.org
Répondre kd 12
à 5:38 le 10 janvier 2021 
I needed to put you a little bit of note in order to thank you so much once again over the wonderful principles you have featured above. It was quite incredibly open-handed of people like you giving without restraint just what a lot of folks would've supplied for an ebook to get some money for their own end, certainly now that you could have done it if you ever wanted. The concepts also worked as the good way to know that other people online have the same zeal much like mine to learn lots more pertaining to this problem. I am sure there are numerous more fun situations up front for folks who examine your blog.
kd 12 http://www.kd12.org
Répondre golden goose shoes
à 5:39 le 10 janvier 2021 
I in addition to my friends came viewing the great things located on your site and then all of a sudden got a horrible feeling I had not thanked the web blog owner for those strategies. These women appeared to be as a consequence stimulated to study them and have in effect surely been tapping into those things. Thanks for turning out to be really kind as well as for choosing such important subjects millions of individuals are really wanting to be informed on. Our own sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to sooner.
golden goose shoes http://www.goldengoose-shoes.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 5:39 le 10 janvier 2021 
I and also my guys came reading the great pointers found on the blog and then quickly got a terrible suspicion I never thanked the blog owner for those strategies. My women were definitely as a result happy to see them and already have clearly been enjoying those things. We appreciate you indeed being well accommodating and also for choosing some essential resources most people are really eager to know about. My very own sincere apologies for not saying thanks to sooner.
supreme clothing http://www.supremesonline.com
0