Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre curry shoes
à 11:14 le 15 janvier 2021 
I wish to get across my love for your kind-heartedness supporting men and women who need assistance with this one concern. Your very own dedication to getting the solution all through appeared to be amazingly practical and has without exception made guys much like me to achieve their pursuits. This invaluable suggestions indicates this much a person like me and a whole lot more to my office workers. Thanks a ton; from each one of us.
curry shoes http://www.curry8shoes.us
Répondre canada goose jacket
à 11:16 le 15 janvier 2021 
I want to get across my affection for your generosity for folks that must have help with this particular field. Your very own dedication to getting the message throughout came to be pretty informative and have in most cases permitted some individuals much like me to reach their ambitions. Your amazing warm and helpful guidelines denotes a lot to me and somewhat more to my mates. Thanks a lot; from each one of us.
canada goose jacket http://www.canadagoosejacket.us.org
Répondre off white
à 11:33 le 15 janvier 2021 
I have to express my gratitude for your generosity in support of folks that require assistance with your study. Your very own commitment to getting the message all over ended up being remarkably functional and have specifically allowed somebody much like me to arrive at their pursuits. Your entire invaluable advice implies so much to me and substantially more to my office colleagues. Best wishes; from all of us.
off white http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre curry 6 shoes
à 11:34 le 15 janvier 2021 
I not to mention my buddies appeared to be digesting the good information from your web blog and so unexpectedly developed a horrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the website owner for those strategies. These boys were definitely as a result very interested to read through them and have in effect simply been making the most of those things. Appreciate your really being so considerate and for settling on some incredibly good things millions of individuals are really wanting to know about. My honest apologies for not expressing gratitude to earlier.
curry 6 shoes http://www.curry6.net
Répondre paul george shoes
à 11:34 le 15 janvier 2021 
I enjoy you because of all your valuable hard work on this website. My mom takes pleasure in participating in investigations and it's easy to see why. Many of us know all concerning the dynamic medium you make very useful steps through the web blog and in addition invigorate participation from website visitors on this subject matter while my simple princess is truly understanding a lot of things. Take pleasure in the rest of the year. You're the one conducting a powerful job.
paul george shoes http://www.paulgeorge.us.com
Répondre nike shox for men
à 11:34 le 15 janvier 2021 
I actually wanted to send a simple comment to say thanks to you for the wonderful tactics you are posting here. My particularly long internet search has at the end of the day been rewarded with high-quality facts to share with my family. I would suppose that most of us site visitors actually are really endowed to live in a magnificent site with so many lovely individuals with insightful concepts. I feel very much grateful to have encountered your entire web pages and look forward to many more fabulous moments reading here. Thanks a lot once more for a lot of things.
nike shox for men http://www.nike-shox.us.com
Répondre moncler outlet
à 11:34 le 15 janvier 2021 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with such a splendid possiblity to read critical reviews from this website. It is usually so sweet and full of fun for me personally and my office fellow workers to visit your web site really thrice per week to read the latest guidance you have got. And of course, I'm also certainly impressed concerning the good hints you give. Some 2 facts on this page are without a doubt the most effective we have ever had.
moncler outlet http://www.monclersoutletstore.com
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 11:34 le 15 janvier 2021 
I wish to express some thanks to the writer for bailing me out of this problem. Right after researching throughout the world-wide-web and finding concepts which are not pleasant, I figured my entire life was over. Existing minus the solutions to the issues you've sorted out by way of this guideline is a critical case, and ones which could have badly affected my career if I hadn't discovered the blog. Your main skills and kindness in maneuvering every aspect was very useful. I am not sure what I would've done if I had not discovered such a solution like this. I can at this point relish my future. Thank you so much for the professional and amazing guide. I will not hesitate to refer your web sites to anyone who would need support on this situation.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrieirving-shoes.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 11:34 le 15 janvier 2021 
I simply had to say thanks all over again. I do not know the things I might have accomplished without the entire ways documented by you relating to my industry. It was the frightening difficulty in my position, but seeing a well-written technique you solved that took me to weep over happiness. I'm just happy for the assistance and in addition believe you recognize what an amazing job you happen to be carrying out teaching many others through a site. Most likely you have never encountered all of us.
jordan shoes http://www.jordansshoes.us.org
Répondre yeezy boost
à 11:34 le 15 janvier 2021 
Thank you for each of your hard work on this blog. My aunt really likes making time for research and it is easy to understand why. A number of us learn all regarding the lively means you deliver very important tips and tricks via this blog and as well as encourage response from website visitors on the situation so our own princess has been being taught so much. Take advantage of the rest of the year. Your conducting a first class job.
yeezy boost http://www.yeezy-boost.us.com
Répondre kobe sneakers
à 11:55 le 15 janvier 2021 
I would like to voice my respect for your kind-heartedness for women who need help on this particular field. Your real commitment to getting the message around appears to be definitely effective and has regularly enabled girls just like me to realize their ambitions. This informative information signifies a whole lot to me and far more to my fellow workers. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
kobe sneakers http://www.kobesneakers.com
Répondre jordan 4
à 12:15 le 15 janvier 2021 
My wife and i ended up being lucky when Emmanuel could carry out his homework with the ideas he grabbed when using the site. It is now and again perplexing to just always be giving for free key points other folks might have been trying to sell. And we also acknowledge we need you to thank for this. The illustrations you've made, the straightforward site navigation, the relationships your site help to instill - it is many wonderful, and it is helping our son in addition to us believe that the matter is exciting, which is certainly extraordinarily mandatory. Thanks for everything!
jordan 4 http://www.jordan4.us.com
Répondre balenciaga sneakers
à 12:53 le 15 janvier 2021 
My husband and i were fulfilled when Peter could carry out his web research out of the ideas he discovered when using the web page. It's not at all simplistic to just happen to be giving out guides that some people may have been selling. And we know we have you to appreciate because of that. The specific illustrations you have made, the easy web site navigation, the friendships you can help foster - it is everything unbelievable, and it's really facilitating our son and the family know that that issue is enjoyable, which is certainly really indispensable. Thanks for everything!
balenciaga sneakers http://www.balenciaga.us.com
Répondre kevin durant shoes
à 13:10 le 15 janvier 2021 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extraordinarily special opportunity to discover important secrets from this website. It can be very excellent plus full of a great time for me and my office acquaintances to search your web site at least thrice in a week to read the newest issues you have got. Of course, we are certainly amazed concerning the terrific strategies you serve. Certain 1 ideas on this page are rather the very best we've ever had.
kevin durant shoes http://www.kd-shoes.us
Répondre supreme t shirt
à 13:19 le 15 janvier 2021 
I simply desired to thank you very much once again. I'm not certain the things I would've followed without the tips and hints shared by you directly on this subject matter. It previously was a real horrifying problem in my circumstances, but considering this specialised way you processed that took me to leap over happiness. Now i'm grateful for the work and believe you comprehend what an amazing job you have been providing teaching other individuals through the use of your web site. Probably you haven't come across any of us.
supreme t shirt http://www.supremeoutlet.us.com
Répondre balenciaga sneakers
à 13:20 le 15 janvier 2021 
I really wanted to send a message to be able to appreciate you for these splendid techniques you are sharing here. My time intensive internet investigation has now been honored with brilliant strategies to go over with my family members. I would say that we site visitors are extremely blessed to exist in a very good site with very many marvellous people with helpful tricks. I feel very much grateful to have discovered the weblog and look forward to plenty of more thrilling times reading here. Thank you once more for everything.
balenciaga sneakers http://www.balenciaga.us.com
Répondre chrome hearts online
à 13:20 le 15 janvier 2021 
I actually wanted to compose a brief remark to be able to appreciate you for those stunning secrets you are showing at this site. My long internet look up has at the end of the day been recognized with wonderful facts to exchange with my companions. I would mention that many of us website visitors are very much fortunate to dwell in a very good place with many wonderful individuals with helpful things. I feel truly privileged to have used your web page and look forward to plenty of more enjoyable moments reading here. Thanks a lot once more for all the details.
chrome hearts online http://www.chromehearts.com.co
Répondre supreme
à 13:21 le 15 janvier 2021 
I would like to show my appreciation to you just for bailing me out of this particular challenge. Just after researching through the internet and getting methods which are not productive, I thought my entire life was gone. Living without the presence of approaches to the issues you've sorted out all through your website is a critical case, and those that would have in a wrong way damaged my career if I hadn't noticed your web site. Your personal training and kindness in taking care of a lot of things was crucial. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not come across such a stuff like this. I can at this moment look ahead to my future. Thank you so much for your impressive and effective guide. I won't be reluctant to suggest the sites to anyone who needs to have guidelines on this subject.
supreme http://www.supreme.us.org
Répondre jordan shoes
à 13:21 le 15 janvier 2021 
My wife and i felt peaceful Ervin could conclude his investigation through your precious recommendations he discovered out of the blog. It's not at all simplistic to simply possibly be handing out solutions which usually the others could have been making money from. And we all do understand we've got the writer to be grateful to for that. All the explanations you have made, the simple blog menu, the relationships you assist to foster - it is all fantastic, and it is helping our son and us understand that idea is fun, which is certainly extremely mandatory. Thanks for the whole thing!
jordan shoes http://www.jordan4.us.com
Répondre canada goose
à 13:21 le 15 janvier 2021 
I enjoy you because of all your efforts on this web site. My niece takes pleasure in working on investigation and it's easy to understand why. A number of us hear all of the lively means you offer important thoughts through this website and therefore attract response from others on that topic then our favorite girl is certainly studying a lot. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You have been conducting a dazzling job.
canada goose http://www.canadagoosesoutlet.us
0