Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre kobe
à 22:49 le 21 avril 2021 
I would like to express some thanks to this writer just for bailing me out of this type of crisis. Right after scouting through the the net and meeting things that were not pleasant, I believed my life was well over. Living devoid of the approaches to the problems you have sorted out through the article is a serious case, and ones which could have badly damaged my career if I had not come across your blog. Your main understanding and kindness in handling all the things was priceless. I'm not sure what I would've done if I hadn't come upon such a solution like this. I can at this time look forward to my future. Thanks a lot so much for this professional and result oriented guide. I will not think twice to recommend your web blog to any person who would like guide about this topic.
kobe http://www.kobe.us.com
Répondre cheap jordans
à 23:21 le 21 avril 2021 
I would like to express my respect for your generosity supporting men who require help with in this subject matter. Your very own dedication to passing the message along became exceptionally invaluable and have continuously permitted people much like me to reach their aims. Your entire insightful hints and tips implies a great deal a person like me and extremely more to my colleagues. Thank you; from all of us.
cheap jordans http://www.cheapjordan.us
Répondre paul george shoes
à 23:41 le 21 avril 2021 
Thank you a lot for giving everyone such a splendid opportunity to discover important secrets from this site. It can be so pleasing and full of fun for me personally and my office peers to visit your web site particularly three times a week to find out the new guidance you will have. And definitely, I am also usually happy with all the astounding principles you serve. Certain 2 facts in this post are unquestionably the most efficient we've ever had.
paul george shoes http://www.paulgeorge.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 0:10 le 22 avril 2021 
I and my pals ended up studying the nice hints located on the blog then all of a sudden got a horrible feeling I had not expressed respect to the web blog owner for those secrets. The ladies are already as a result stimulated to learn them and have now pretty much been enjoying them. Appreciation for getting so kind and for obtaining certain terrific areas most people are really desirous to understand about. Our sincere apologies for not expressing gratitude to sooner.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengooseoutletstore.com
Répondre jordan sneakers
à 0:42 le 22 avril 2021 
I wanted to post a small message in order to appreciate you for some of the unique suggestions you are writing on this site. My long internet investigation has now been rewarded with wonderful suggestions to exchange with my close friends. I 'd point out that we site visitors are unquestionably lucky to be in a remarkable community with many brilliant people with good points. I feel really grateful to have discovered your web page and look forward to some more brilliant times reading here. Thanks once again for all the details.
jordan sneakers http://www.jordanssneakers.us.com
Répondre goyard handbags
à 1:13 le 22 avril 2021 
I wish to voice my passion for your generosity giving support to men and women who absolutely need guidance on this important subject. Your personal dedication to getting the solution all through came to be exceptionally effective and has regularly encouraged individuals just like me to attain their dreams. Your helpful tips and hints indicates this much to me and even more to my office colleagues. Thank you; from all of us.
goyard handbags http://www.goyardhandbag.com
Répondre kyrie 4
à 1:37 le 22 avril 2021 
Thanks so much for giving everyone a very remarkable possiblity to read critical reviews from this blog. It's always so great and full of a lot of fun for me and my office colleagues to visit your site at a minimum 3 times per week to study the latest items you will have. And definitely, I'm just always contented with all the superb things served by you. Selected 2 ideas in this article are in fact the most impressive we have had.
kyrie 4 http://www.kyrie4shoes.us
Répondre supreme new york
à 1:55 le 22 avril 2021 
I in addition to my guys happened to be reading through the nice things located on the website and so all of the sudden I had an awful feeling I never expressed respect to you for those techniques. The young boys are already as a consequence excited to read all of them and have unquestionably been taking advantage of them. We appreciate you genuinely so helpful as well as for figuring out this form of great ideas most people are really needing to be aware of. My sincere regret for not expressing gratitude to you sooner.
supreme new york http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre lebron 18
à 1:58 le 22 avril 2021 
I'm commenting to let you understand of the superb encounter our girl undergone reading through the blog. She even learned a good number of pieces, which include what it is like to have a great helping mindset to have others very easily know precisely a variety of extremely tough subject matter. You truly surpassed readers' desires. Thanks for distributing these beneficial, safe, edifying and as well as easy guidance on the topic to Sandra.
lebron 18 http://www.lebron18shoes.us
Répondre golden goose shoes
à 2:22 le 22 avril 2021 
I simply had to thank you very much again. I do not know the things that I could possibly have worked on without those thoughts discussed by you regarding my question. It was before a real troublesome difficulty in my view, however , encountering a expert strategy you handled the issue forced me to cry for delight. I will be happier for the guidance and then expect you comprehend what a great job that you are carrying out educating some other people with the aid of a web site. Most probably you've never come across any of us.
golden goose shoes http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.org
Répondre kd 12
à 2:26 le 22 avril 2021 
I and also my buddies were going through the great information and facts found on your website while all of a sudden got a horrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the blog owner for them. The women were definitely very interested to see all of them and now have truly been loving these things. Thanks for being simply thoughtful and for picking such fabulous subjects most people are really desperate to be aware of. Our honest regret for not saying thanks to you sooner.
kd 12 http://www.kd12.org
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 2:36 le 22 avril 2021 
I simply wanted to thank you very much once again. I am not sure the things I would have sorted out without the actual opinions documented by you concerning my topic. It actually was an absolute traumatic setting for me personally, however , being able to see the skilled strategy you treated it made me to weep over happiness. I'm grateful for this guidance as well as hope that you really know what a great job your are getting into teaching the mediocre ones all through your webblog. I know that you've never encountered any of us.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.com
Répondre kobe byrant shoes
à 2:38 le 22 avril 2021 
I really wanted to type a brief note so as to express gratitude to you for some of the fabulous instructions you are giving out on this site. My incredibly long internet look up has at the end of the day been recognized with reasonable facts and techniques to write about with my visitors. I would assert that many of us site visitors are quite endowed to be in a remarkable website with very many outstanding professionals with great secrets. I feel truly lucky to have come across the weblog and look forward to so many more enjoyable minutes reading here. Thanks again for everything.
kobe byrant shoes http://www.kobe.us.com
Répondre jordans
à 2:46 le 22 avril 2021 
I wish to convey my admiration for your generosity for persons that really need guidance on the issue. Your real commitment to getting the message all-around had become definitely informative and has frequently empowered others just like me to arrive at their desired goals. Your personal informative help and advice can mean this much a person like me and additionally to my fellow workers. Thank you; from everyone of us.
jordans http://www.jordanssneakers.us.com
Répondre stone island clothing
à 2:46 le 22 avril 2021 
I am just commenting to make you understand what a brilliant experience my girl found viewing the blog. She mastered some issues, most notably what it is like to possess an incredible helping mindset to let folks smoothly know just exactly chosen tortuous matters. You actually exceeded readers' expectations. I appreciate you for delivering those productive, trustworthy, edifying and in addition fun thoughts on the topic to Tanya.
stone island clothing http://www.stoneislands.us
Répondre supreme sweatshirt
à 3:08 le 22 avril 2021 
I want to show my thanks to the writer for bailing me out of this particular crisis. Just after scouting through the world-wide-web and seeing views which were not beneficial, I was thinking my entire life was done. Being alive without the presence of strategies to the issues you've fixed as a result of your entire guide is a crucial case, as well as ones that would have adversely affected my entire career if I had not come across your web blog. Your personal knowledge and kindness in playing with all areas was invaluable. I don't know what I would've done if I had not encountered such a subject like this. It's possible to at this moment look ahead to my future. Thanks very much for this professional and result oriented help. I will not hesitate to refer your blog to any individual who should have support on this topic.
supreme sweatshirt http://www.supremeshirt.us.com
Répondre yeezy
à 3:35 le 22 avril 2021 
I simply had to thank you very much all over again. I do not know the things that I would have followed in the absence of these ways discussed by you relating to my subject matter. It actually was a real depressing issue for me personally, however , spending time with a new specialized technique you treated the issue took me to jump for joy. Now i am grateful for your support and then wish you find out what a great job you're accomplishing teaching people using your website. I know that you haven't come across any of us.
yeezy http://www.yeezyshoessupply.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 4:38 le 22 avril 2021 
Thank you for all of the labor on this web site. My mother enjoys getting into research and it is simple to grasp why. We all hear all concerning the powerful method you convey simple tips and tricks via this website and as well strongly encourage participation from other individuals about this concept plus our own child is without a doubt discovering so much. Take advantage of the rest of the year. You are conducting a dazzling job.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezy350boostv2s.us
Répondre golden goose
à 5:04 le 22 avril 2021 
A lot of thanks for your whole effort on this web site. Betty delights in conducting internet research and it's simple to grasp why. Most of us learn all about the dynamic ways you give important solutions via this web site and as well as invigorate contribution from others on this subject and our princess is actually being taught so much. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the new year. You're doing a really great job.
golden goose http://www.golden-goose.us
Répondre hermes birkin bag
à 5:54 le 22 avril 2021 
I would like to show appreciation to this writer just for bailing me out of such a challenge. Right after researching through the search engines and finding advice that were not productive, I assumed my life was gone. Living without the solutions to the difficulties you've sorted out by way of your good site is a serious case, and those that could have negatively damaged my entire career if I hadn't noticed your web page. Your main skills and kindness in handling everything was valuable. I'm not sure what I would've done if I had not encountered such a point like this. I am able to at this time look forward to my future. Thanks very much for your reliable and sensible guide. I will not hesitate to endorse your web blog to any individual who will need guidelines about this subject matter.
hermes birkin bag http://www.hermesbirkins.com
0