Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre yeezy
à 13:06 le 18 décembre 2020 
I wish to show my admiration for your kind-heartedness in support of people who should have assistance with this important area. Your special commitment to getting the solution all through was extraordinarily valuable and has all the time encouraged those just like me to realize their ambitions. Your amazing important recommendations indicates a whole lot to me and a whole lot more to my fellow workers. With thanks; from all of us.
yeezy http://www.yeezy350boost.us.com
Répondre moncler outlet
à 13:06 le 18 décembre 2020 
I wish to express some thanks to you for bailing me out of this trouble. Just after scouting throughout the world wide web and getting ways which were not productive, I figured my life was well over. Being alive without the presence of answers to the problems you've solved all through this short article is a crucial case, as well as those that would have in a negative way affected my entire career if I hadn't noticed the website. Your own personal expertise and kindness in taking care of all areas was valuable. I don't know what I would have done if I had not come upon such a solution like this. I can at this point relish my future. Thanks very much for this skilled and amazing guide. I will not be reluctant to propose the sites to anyone who would need tips about this subject.
moncler outlet http://www.monclersoutletstore.com
Répondre off white x jordan 1
à 13:06 le 18 décembre 2020 
I simply had to thank you so much yet again. I do not know the things I might have created without the entire techniques shown by you on that subject matter. This has been a real terrifying dilemma in my view, but observing the expert technique you resolved it made me to leap for contentment. Now i am happier for your work and expect you realize what a powerful job your are accomplishing teaching other individuals with the aid of a web site. I am sure you have never met any of us.
off white x jordan 1 http://www.offwhitexjordan1.com
Répondre longchamp
à 13:06 le 18 décembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of every one of your efforts on this site. My daughter delights in managing investigations and it is easy to see why. All of us hear all regarding the powerful method you produce vital guidelines through your web blog and even recommend participation from the others about this idea plus our own child has been starting to learn a lot of things. Have fun with the remaining portion of the year. You are doing a wonderful job.
longchamp http://www.longchampoutlets.us
Répondre cheap jordans
à 13:07 le 18 décembre 2020 
I needed to send you one bit of word to be able to say thanks yet again with your great concepts you've shared above. It was really shockingly open-handed with people like you to supply unreservedly just what many of us would've made available as an electronic book to make some money for their own end, most importantly given that you could possibly have done it in the event you wanted. The tips likewise served as a easy way to understand that most people have the same eagerness similar to mine to grasp many more with reference to this issue. I think there are millions of more pleasant instances up front for those who browse through your website.
cheap jordans http://www.cheapjordan.us
Répondre longchamp handbags
à 13:07 le 18 décembre 2020 
I want to express my passion for your generosity for those who must have help with that situation. Your personal dedication to getting the message all over had become quite informative and has regularly allowed associates much like me to achieve their objectives. This interesting tips and hints signifies so much to me and substantially more to my mates. Warm regards; from all of us.
longchamp handbags http://www.long-champ.us.com
Répondre hermes birkin
à 13:07 le 18 décembre 2020 
I intended to compose you this bit of observation to say thanks a lot again considering the incredible concepts you have featured above. It was so wonderfully open-handed with you in giving without restraint all that many individuals would have offered as an e-book to make some bucks on their own, even more so considering that you could possibly have tried it if you considered necessary. Those principles as well worked like a fantastic way to recognize that other individuals have similar eagerness like mine to grasp significantly more on the topic of this condition. I think there are a lot more pleasant occasions in the future for individuals who scan through your website.
hermes birkin http://www.birkinbag.us.com
Répondre curry shoes
à 13:08 le 18 décembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for your entire effort on this website. Ellie enjoys working on internet research and it's obvious why. We learn all relating to the powerful manner you create advantageous tactics via this website and in addition cause contribution from some other people about this subject matter so our own girl is actually being taught a whole lot. Have fun with the rest of the new year. You're performing a fabulous job.
curry shoes http://www.curry6shoes.us
Répondre supreme new york
à 13:15 le 18 décembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extremely brilliant opportunity to check tips from this blog. It is often very enjoyable and jam-packed with a lot of fun for me and my office mates to visit your blog not less than thrice in a week to see the latest things you have got. And of course, I am also usually contented with all the good methods you give. Certain two points in this posting are basically the finest we've ever had.
supreme new york http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre kd shoes
à 14:31 le 18 décembre 2020 
I wish to show my thanks to the writer just for rescuing me from this trouble. Because of looking out throughout the world-wide-web and finding advice which were not powerful, I thought my entire life was well over. Living without the strategies to the difficulties you have resolved by means of your good blog post is a serious case, as well as the kind that would have negatively affected my entire career if I hadn't discovered your website. Your talents and kindness in maneuvering all the things was very helpful. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a step like this. I can also now relish my future. Thanks for your time very much for this expert and sensible guide. I won't think twice to propose your blog to anybody who would need guidance on this topic.
kd shoes http://www.kevindurant-shoes.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 14:35 le 18 décembre 2020 
I am also commenting to let you be aware of what a cool encounter my friend's girl experienced studying your site. She learned a wide variety of things, including what it's like to have an amazing helping heart to let other individuals easily grasp selected extremely tough subject areas. You truly did more than our own expectations. Many thanks for rendering these important, safe, informative and as well as fun tips on your topic to Emily.
jordan shoes http://www.airjordansstore.com
Répondre kevin durant shoes
à 14:51 le 18 décembre 2020 
I and my buddies were actually examining the good tips located on your website and then before long I got an awful suspicion I had not expressed respect to the web site owner for those secrets. Most of the ladies ended up for this reason warmed to read all of them and have now undoubtedly been tapping into them. Appreciate your indeed being very thoughtful and then for considering this form of great themes millions of individuals are really desperate to be informed on. Our sincere apologies for not saying thanks to you earlier.
kevin durant shoes http://www.kevindurant-shoes.us.com
Répondre moncler outlet
à 15:17 le 18 décembre 2020 
My spouse and i were absolutely happy that Chris managed to conclude his analysis through the ideas he acquired from your very own weblog. It's not at all simplistic to simply happen to be handing out key points that the rest might have been making money from. And we fully grasp we've got the writer to thank for this. The explanations you've made, the simple blog menu, the relationships you can help to foster - it is many amazing, and it's really letting our son in addition to the family imagine that this concept is interesting, and that's highly pressing. Thanks for all!
moncler outlet http://www.monclersoutlet.us.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 17:07 le 18 décembre 2020 
I am only commenting to let you know of the outstanding encounter my wife's child gained visiting your webblog. She mastered a wide variety of pieces, including what it's like to have a marvelous teaching mood to have men and women with ease fully understand several tricky issues. You really exceeded visitors' expected results. Many thanks for coming up with these powerful, safe, revealing not to mention cool thoughts on your topic to Ethel.
golden goose sneakers http://www.golden-goose.us
Répondre yeezy
à 17:15 le 18 décembre 2020 
I together with my buddies appeared to be looking at the best strategies on your website then instantly developed an awful feeling I had not expressed respect to the site owner for those strategies. All of the women appeared to be happy to read all of them and have in effect clearly been having fun with those things. Appreciate your genuinely so helpful and also for utilizing this form of awesome resources most people are really desperate to be informed on. My personal sincere regret for not saying thanks to you earlier.
yeezy http://www.yeezysneakers.us
Répondre jordans
à 17:23 le 18 décembre 2020 
I would like to point out my appreciation for your generosity in support of those individuals that must have guidance on this important area of interest. Your personal dedication to passing the solution across was incredibly significant and has regularly helped those much like me to arrive at their targets. The helpful guideline entails a whole lot to me and even more to my office workers. Thanks a lot; from everyone of us.
jordans http://www.cheapjordans.us.com
Répondre kyrie 6
à 17:24 le 18 décembre 2020 
I am just commenting to let you be aware of what a outstanding encounter our girl obtained checking your blog. She discovered a good number of issues, most notably what it's like to possess an amazing coaching style to make many people completely know precisely specified problematic subject matter. You really exceeded visitors' expected results. I appreciate you for coming up with the informative, trustworthy, informative and in addition fun tips about your topic to Kate.
kyrie 6 http://www.kyrie6.org
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 17:24 le 18 décembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all of the labor on this blog. Kim really likes engaging in investigations and it's obvious why. All of us know all regarding the dynamic way you create functional ideas on your blog and invigorate response from people on the point so my simple princess is without a doubt learning a great deal. Enjoy the remaining portion of the year. You have been doing a really good job.
supreme hoodie http://www.supreme-clothings.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 17:25 le 18 décembre 2020 
I would like to express my appreciation for your kindness supporting people that should have help on in this niche. Your personal commitment to getting the message all around was incredibly productive and have consistently permitted others much like me to realize their desired goals. Your entire interesting facts entails a whole lot to me and extremely more to my peers. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
golden goose http://www.goldengooseoutletstore.com
Répondre balenciaga shoes
à 17:25 le 18 décembre 2020 
Needed to send you one little bit of word to finally thank you again for these remarkable principles you have documented on this site. It was so extremely open-handed with people like you in giving unhampered what exactly a lot of people could possibly have made available as an e-book to help make some cash for their own end, precisely seeing that you could possibly have tried it if you ever decided. These basics in addition served to become easy way to fully grasp other individuals have similar zeal like mine to know the truth way more with respect to this condition. I believe there are many more pleasant times ahead for individuals who discover your site.
balenciaga shoes http://www.balenciagasus.com
0