Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre pandora jewelry
à 18:11 le 22 décembre 2020 
I must get across my gratitude for your kindness giving support to those who need assistance with this one subject matter. Your special commitment to getting the solution all over ended up being especially significant and have continually made guys much like me to arrive at their desired goals. Your own useful publication can mean a great deal a person like me and much more to my office colleagues. Thank you; from everyone of us.
pandora jewelry http://www.outletpandora.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 18:11 le 22 décembre 2020 
I as well as my guys have already been viewing the best techniques located on your website and then unexpectedly developed a terrible feeling I never thanked the web blog owner for those tips. My people were as a consequence stimulated to see all of them and already have undoubtedly been having fun with those things. I appreciate you for truly being indeed kind and then for choosing varieties of incredible things most people are really desirous to know about. My personal honest regret for not expressing gratitude to earlier.
jordan shoes http://www.shoesjordan.us.com
Répondre kenzo hoodie
à 18:11 le 22 décembre 2020 
I intended to compose you the bit of note to say thank you the moment again relating to the spectacular guidelines you've discussed above. This is pretty generous with you giving unreservedly all that a lot of people would've supplied for an ebook to get some cash for their own end, principally since you could possibly have tried it if you ever considered necessary. These concepts in addition served as a easy way to fully grasp that some people have the same dream just as mine to find out many more concerning this problem. I believe there are some more pleasant sessions up front for individuals who look into your blog post.
kenzo hoodie http://www.kenzos.us
Répondre longchamp outlet
à 18:12 le 22 décembre 2020 
Thank you so much for giving everyone such a remarkable chance to discover important secrets from this site. It can be so ideal and as well , jam-packed with fun for me personally and my office colleagues to search the blog no less than three times per week to learn the fresh issues you have got. And of course, I'm at all times motivated concerning the superb information served by you. Selected 2 facts on this page are undoubtedly the finest we've ever had.
longchamp outlet http://www.longchampoutlets.us
Répondre nike sb dunk high
à 18:12 le 22 décembre 2020 
I actually wanted to make a small note so as to thank you for all of the remarkable steps you are giving on this site. My extended internet investigation has at the end been paid with extremely good strategies to write about with my relatives. I 'd suppose that many of us visitors are undeniably fortunate to exist in a good website with very many brilliant people with helpful basics. I feel rather lucky to have seen your web page and look forward to plenty of more pleasurable times reading here. Thanks a lot once more for a lot of things.
nike sb dunk high http://www.sbdunk.us
Répondre stone island hoodie
à 18:13 le 22 décembre 2020 
I really wanted to send a brief message to appreciate you for all of the magnificent items you are giving on this website. My incredibly long internet search has finally been recognized with excellent points to go over with my friends and classmates. I 'd express that we readers actually are very fortunate to dwell in a wonderful website with many wonderful individuals with beneficial guidelines. I feel quite privileged to have seen your webpage and look forward to many more enjoyable moments reading here. Thanks once more for a lot of things.
stone island hoodie http://www.stoneislands.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 18:21 le 22 décembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of all your valuable work on this website. My aunt take interest in doing investigation and it's simple to grasp why. We know all about the compelling medium you convey invaluable suggestions through the blog and increase participation from some other people on that topic so our own girl is actually starting to learn a lot of things. Enjoy the rest of the new year. You're performing a powerful job.
jordan shoes http://www.jordansshoes.us.org
Répondre jordan 13
à 18:24 le 22 décembre 2020 
I would like to voice my respect for your kind-heartedness giving support to women who actually need guidance on in this topic. Your real commitment to getting the message across has been exceedingly good and has in every case made employees much like me to arrive at their ambitions. Your invaluable tips and hints implies a lot to me and even further to my colleagues. Thanks a ton; from each one of us.
jordan 13 http://www.jordan13.us.com
Répondre nike off whtie
à 18:33 le 22 décembre 2020 
I simply had to thank you very much yet again. I do not know the things that I would have achieved without these creative ideas revealed by you relating to that area. It was a very frightening scenario for me, however , seeing a professional fashion you solved the issue forced me to cry over delight. Now i am happy for the information and believe you recognize what an amazing job that you are putting in educating most people thru your websites. I am sure you've never met all of us.
nike off whtie http://www.nikexoffwhite.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 18:35 le 22 décembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone an extraordinarily memorable opportunity to discover important secrets from here. It's usually very useful plus full of amusement for me personally and my office colleagues to search your site on the least 3 times every week to read through the fresh things you will have. Not to mention, we're at all times satisfied concerning the fantastic suggestions you give. Selected 1 areas in this post are unequivocally the most impressive we've had.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengooses.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 18:39 le 22 décembre 2020 
I needed to draft you that little bit of observation so as to say thank you over again for these amazing tips you have discussed on this website. This is quite unbelievably generous with you giving publicly what exactly most people might have marketed for an electronic book in making some bucks for themselves, specifically since you could have done it in the event you decided. The techniques in addition served to provide a easy way to comprehend other people have a similar desire really like mine to figure out a good deal more with regard to this issue. I'm certain there are thousands of more pleasurable sessions ahead for individuals who browse through your site.
supreme clothing http://www.supreme-clothings.us.com
Répondre off white shoes
à 18:58 le 22 décembre 2020 
I have to voice my admiration for your generosity for individuals who really need help with your niche. Your personal commitment to passing the message along appears to be exceedingly invaluable and have frequently empowered girls like me to arrive at their desired goals. This helpful recommendations indicates so much to me and additionally to my mates. Best wishes; from everyone of us.
off white shoes http://www.off-whiteshoes.us.com
Répondre canada goose jacket
à 19:08 le 22 décembre 2020 
I have to get across my admiration for your kind-heartedness in support of visitors who should have help with your concept. Your very own commitment to getting the solution throughout came to be exceptionally beneficial and has in most cases enabled those much like me to get to their goals. Your own warm and friendly advice indicates a whole lot to me and extremely more to my mates. Thanks a ton; from each one of us.
canada goose jacket http://www.canadagoosejacket.us.org
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 19:17 le 22 décembre 2020 
I'm writing to let you know of the incredible encounter my cousin's child had checking your site. She came to find many pieces, with the inclusion of what it's like to possess a great teaching mindset to get certain people without difficulty grasp several hard to do subject matter. You really surpassed our expected results. Many thanks for coming up with such helpful, trusted, revealing and even cool thoughts on your topic to Mary.
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezy-boost350.us.com
Répondre lebron james shoes
à 19:17 le 22 décembre 2020 
I in addition to my friends were actually looking through the nice solutions on your web page and then immediately I got an awful feeling I never expressed respect to the blog owner for those techniques. These women happened to be totally joyful to read all of them and already have quite simply been using them. Many thanks for being well considerate and then for deciding upon variety of impressive resources millions of individuals are really desirous to learn about. My honest apologies for not saying thanks to you earlier.
lebron james shoes http://www.lebronjames.us.com
Répondre curry 6
à 19:18 le 22 décembre 2020 
I wanted to draft you this tiny word so as to thank you over again for your personal awesome secrets you've shown in this article. It has been certainly seriously generous with people like you to grant easily precisely what many of us would've supplied as an electronic book to get some money for their own end, most notably since you might well have tried it in case you desired. Those solutions additionally worked to be a great way to know that other people online have similar passion just like my personal own to find out great deal more when considering this condition. Certainly there are numerous more enjoyable situations ahead for many who scan your site.
curry 6 http://www.curry6.net
Répondre supreme clothing
à 19:18 le 22 décembre 2020 
I want to express appreciation to the writer for rescuing me from this type of scenario. Right after searching through the search engines and obtaining views which are not powerful, I believed my entire life was over. Existing minus the solutions to the difficulties you have resolved by means of your good site is a crucial case, and those which may have adversely affected my entire career if I had not discovered your web site. Your own personal capability and kindness in controlling all the pieces was excellent. I don't know what I would have done if I had not come across such a subject like this. I can now look ahead to my future. Thanks so much for your professional and amazing help. I will not hesitate to suggest your web page to anyone who desires tips about this subject matter.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothings.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 19:19 le 22 décembre 2020 
I am only commenting to let you understand what a great experience my child gained reading yuor web blog. She came to understand some issues, not to mention what it is like to have a great coaching style to let other people quite simply completely grasp chosen complex issues. You really did more than my expectations. Thank you for imparting such beneficial, healthy, explanatory as well as unique tips about this topic to Janet.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothing.us.org
Répondre jordan 1
à 19:19 le 22 décembre 2020 
I simply had to say thanks once again. I am not sure the things that I would've done without the type of recommendations provided by you on such a theme. It became an absolute depressing setting for me personally, however , understanding your well-written manner you treated the issue took me to weep over delight. Extremely thankful for the support and then expect you really know what a powerful job you are doing training the others thru your web site. More than likely you haven't come across all of us.
jordan 1 http://www.jordan1shoes.us
Répondre kyrie 6
à 19:20 le 22 décembre 2020 
Needed to send you one very little observation so as to thank you again regarding the spectacular tactics you have shown above. It has been really tremendously generous with people like you giving publicly just what a few people might have made available as an e book to get some profit for themselves, especially since you might have done it if you ever considered necessary. The creative ideas in addition worked to be a fantastic way to recognize that many people have the identical dream the same as my own to figure out a little more when considering this condition. I believe there are several more pleasurable instances ahead for many who find out your site.
kyrie 6 http://www.kyrie6.org
0