Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre supreme clothing
à 14:46 le 23 décembre 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with an extraordinarily spectacular possiblity to read critical reviews from this site. It is always so lovely plus jam-packed with a great time for me personally and my office mates to search the blog more than 3 times weekly to learn the new tips you have got. And definitely, we are actually impressed with all the effective things you give. Certain 2 points on this page are in fact the very best we've had.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre kyrie 7
à 14:47 le 23 décembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all of your hard work on this blog. My aunt loves getting into research and it is easy to understand why. My spouse and i know all of the compelling manner you provide sensible secrets through the blog and in addition inspire participation from some others on this situation and my daughter is now studying a great deal. Enjoy the remaining portion of the year. You have been carrying out a glorious job.
kyrie 7 http://www.kyrie7.us
Répondre yeezy boost 700
à 15:14 le 23 décembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone an extremely special possiblity to discover important secrets from this web site. It is usually so pleasing and packed with a great time for me and my office colleagues to visit your site the equivalent of thrice in a week to learn the fresh issues you will have. And of course, I am at all times fascinated considering the very good things served by you. Selected 4 ideas in this posting are absolutely the best we've had.
yeezy boost 700 http://www.yeezy700.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 15:27 le 23 décembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone remarkably nice opportunity to read from this web site. It's always so kind and full of fun for me personally and my office co-workers to visit your blog at a minimum 3 times weekly to see the newest items you will have. And indeed, I am always astounded with your mind-blowing tips served by you. Selected 4 points in this article are completely the best we have all had.
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.org
Répondre jordan 12
à 15:44 le 23 décembre 2020 
I precisely wanted to say thanks once more. I do not know what I could possibly have gone through without those strategies provided by you about this field. It had become a traumatic dilemma in my opinion, nevertheless being able to view this skilled fashion you handled it took me to jump with delight. I am just thankful for the assistance as well as hope you find out what a great job you are undertaking instructing others all through a blog. I know that you haven't encountered all of us.
jordan 12 http://www.jordan12.us.com
Répondre hermes birkin
à 15:48 le 23 décembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for your whole work on this website. Kim delights in managing investigation and it is simple to grasp why. All of us notice all of the powerful ways you present invaluable tactics through this blog and therefore invigorate contribution from others on that concern then our own princess is truly starting to learn a lot. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You have been performing a remarkable job.
hermes birkin http://www.hermesbirkinbags.us.com
Répondre nike off whtie
à 16:10 le 23 décembre 2020 
I intended to put you the bit of note to be able to say thank you once again just for the stunning techniques you have shared on this website. This has been certainly pretty open-handed of people like you to grant freely what a few people could possibly have marketed for an electronic book to make some profit for their own end, precisely considering the fact that you might well have tried it in case you desired. Those secrets also acted to be the great way to fully grasp someone else have the identical dreams similar to my own to see very much more on the topic of this issue. I know there are some more fun instances up front for individuals who look into your blog post.
nike off whtie http://www.nikexoffwhite.com
Répondre kobe 11
à 16:14 le 23 décembre 2020 
I and also my buddies came going through the excellent tricks found on your web site and then quickly came up with a horrible feeling I never thanked the web site owner for those techniques. My ladies ended up for this reason passionate to read all of them and already have honestly been having fun with these things. We appreciate you turning out to be considerably considerate and then for getting some fabulous areas millions of individuals are really eager to learn about. Our own sincere apologies for not saying thanks to earlier.
kobe 11 http://www.kobebasketballshoes.net
Répondre curry 6
à 16:14 le 23 décembre 2020 
Needed to put you the tiny observation just to say thanks a lot yet again on the gorgeous suggestions you've shown in this article. It has been so surprisingly generous of you to provide publicly all that some people could possibly have sold for an ebook to earn some profit for their own end, principally since you might well have done it in the event you desired. Those thoughts additionally acted to be a good way to fully grasp that other individuals have similar desire like my personal own to figure out a good deal more when considering this problem. I am certain there are millions of more enjoyable situations up front for folks who look over your blog post.
curry 6 http://www.curry6shoes.us
Répondre stone island outlet
à 16:32 le 23 décembre 2020 
I intended to draft you this tiny word to be able to give thanks the moment again just for the beautiful opinions you have featured on this site. This is wonderfully open-handed of you to provide easily all most people could possibly have sold for an e-book in making some profit for their own end, certainly seeing that you might have done it in the event you decided. These inspiring ideas additionally worked to be the good way to know that other people online have similar desire like my own to grasp lots more with respect to this matter. I'm certain there are lots of more pleasurable periods up front for many who read your website.
stone island outlet http://www.stone-island.us.com
Répondre off white clothing
à 16:37 le 23 décembre 2020 
I simply had to thank you very much once more. I am not sure what I would have done without the entire ways documented by you on that theme. It has been a real intimidating issue in my view, however , discovering a new specialized avenue you resolved the issue made me to leap with joy. Now i am happier for this support as well as trust you really know what a powerful job you're doing instructing men and women with the aid of your website. I am sure you haven't met all of us.
off white clothing http://www.off--white.us.com
Répondre kenzo clothing
à 16:38 le 23 décembre 2020 
I simply had to thank you very much again. I am not sure what I might have carried out in the absence of the tips and hints shown by you on such a subject matter. It had been a real difficult scenario for me personally, but discovering a new specialized fashion you treated it made me to jump for delight. I'm just happier for this information and in addition expect you realize what an amazing job you're providing instructing many people by way of your website. More than likely you have never encountered all of us.
kenzo clothing http://www.kenzos.us
Répondre stephen curry shoes
à 16:48 le 23 décembre 2020 
I am just commenting to make you be aware of what a terrific encounter my wife's daughter gained browsing your blog. She even learned many details, including what it is like to possess an amazing giving character to let others quite simply fully understand various complicated issues. You truly did more than my expectations. Many thanks for providing those useful, healthy, edifying as well as easy tips on the topic to Janet.
stephen curry shoes http://www.stephencurry-shoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 16:56 le 23 décembre 2020 
My wife and i have been happy that Albert managed to carry out his analysis from the ideas he obtained while using the blog. It's not at all simplistic to simply be giving out information and facts that the rest have been selling. And now we discover we have you to appreciate for this. Those illustrations you have made, the simple blog menu, the friendships you can give support to engender - it's got all fantastic, and it's really aiding our son in addition to us understand the concept is interesting, which is rather essential. Thank you for the whole thing!
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezy350boostv2s.us
Répondre balenciaga shoes
à 17:02 le 23 décembre 2020 
I am just writing to make you be aware of of the fine encounter our girl gained reading through your webblog. She even learned several issues, which included how it is like to have a very effective giving mood to have folks clearly learn about specified specialized matters. You undoubtedly did more than her desires. Thanks for offering the invaluable, healthy, explanatory and in addition unique thoughts on that topic to Lizeth.
balenciaga shoes http://www.balenciaga.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 17:19 le 23 décembre 2020 
I wish to express appreciation to the writer just for bailing me out of this type of trouble. Because of looking out through the online world and getting suggestions which are not helpful, I thought my life was gone. Living minus the strategies to the difficulties you've fixed by way of your write-up is a serious case, as well as the kind that could have badly affected my entire career if I had not come across your web site. Your personal knowledge and kindness in touching all the stuff was valuable. I don't know what I would have done if I had not discovered such a stuff like this. It's possible to at this point relish my future. Thanks for your time so much for your high quality and amazing guide. I will not think twice to propose the blog to anybody who should have support on this subject matter.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothing.us.org
Répondre kd shoes
à 17:44 le 23 décembre 2020 
I have to express some thanks to this writer just for bailing me out of this particular situation. Because of exploring throughout the the net and getting methods that were not pleasant, I believed my life was well over. Existing minus the solutions to the issues you've sorted out as a result of the guide is a critical case, as well as the ones that could have in a wrong way damaged my entire career if I hadn't encountered your blog post. The understanding and kindness in touching every item was invaluable. I'm not sure what I would've done if I hadn't encountered such a thing like this. I am able to at this point look forward to my future. Thanks for your time very much for the reliable and results-oriented help. I won't think twice to refer your web sites to anyone who will need assistance about this problem.
kd shoes http://www.kevindurantshoes.us.com
Répondre curry
à 18:00 le 23 décembre 2020 
I needed to put you a very small word to help say thanks a lot as before relating to the precious guidelines you have discussed in this case. It has been quite seriously generous with you to offer unhampered all that a few individuals would've supplied for an e book to earn some bucks for themselves, chiefly since you might well have tried it if you decided. These tips as well worked to become great way to be aware that other individuals have the same dream similar to mine to find out more around this issue. I'm sure there are thousands of more enjoyable occasions ahead for individuals that scan through your blog post.
curry http://www.curryshoes.us.com
Répondre steph curry shoes
à 18:09 le 23 décembre 2020 
I have to show my admiration for your generosity supporting men and women that need help on that subject. Your real dedication to getting the message throughout turned out to be extremely advantageous and have specifically made men and women just like me to get to their aims. This valuable guideline means a great deal to me and additionally to my office colleagues. Thanks a lot; from each one of us.
steph curry shoes http://www.curryshoes.net
Répondre kevin durant
à 18:11 le 23 décembre 2020 
I have to point out my passion for your kindness giving support to folks who must have help on this subject. Your personal dedication to passing the message up and down appeared to be remarkably powerful and has usually allowed employees just like me to reach their desired goals. Your own valuable report means much a person like me and still more to my office workers. Thanks a lot; from all of us.
kevin durant http://www.kevindurantshoes.us.com
0