Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre kyrie 6 shoes
à 22:40 le 28 décembre 2020 
I really wanted to develop a small word so as to express gratitude to you for those lovely tips you are giving here. My time consuming internet lookup has at the end of the day been compensated with reputable ideas to go over with my friends. I 'd state that that we site visitors are unequivocally endowed to exist in a fine site with so many wonderful individuals with good ideas. I feel very much grateful to have encountered the website page and look forward to plenty of more entertaining times reading here. Thank you once more for a lot of things.
kyrie 6 shoes http://www.kyrie-6.com
Répondre canada goose
à 22:57 le 28 décembre 2020 
I not to mention my pals ended up checking out the excellent strategies on the website and then quickly got a horrible suspicion I had not thanked the web site owner for those secrets. All the guys were as a consequence very interested to read all of them and already have truly been enjoying them. We appreciate you turning out to be simply accommodating as well as for making a decision on this sort of fantastic subject areas millions of individuals are really desirous to understand about. Our sincere regret for not expressing gratitude to earlier.
canada goose http://www.canadagooses-outlet.us.com
Répondre yeezy 350
à 23:22 le 28 décembre 2020 
My husband and i have been quite thrilled Chris managed to finish up his homework out of the precious recommendations he acquired using your weblog. It is now and again perplexing to just happen to be giving for free hints that many a number of people may have been trying to sell. We really keep in mind we've got you to give thanks to because of that. Those illustrations you've made, the simple blog menu, the relationships your site aid to create - it's got mostly fabulous, and it's really aiding our son and our family consider that that theme is awesome, and that is very indispensable. Thank you for all!
yeezy 350 http://www.yeezy350boostv2s.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 23:26 le 28 décembre 2020 
I really wanted to write a brief remark in order to thank you for some of the splendid tips and tricks you are showing on this website. My time intensive internet investigation has finally been rewarded with reasonable ideas to talk about with my co-workers. I 'd claim that many of us site visitors actually are rather endowed to be in a magnificent site with very many lovely professionals with beneficial advice. I feel rather happy to have come across your entire site and look forward to plenty of more entertaining minutes reading here. Thanks once again for all the details.
jordan shoes http://www.airjordansstore.com
Répondre yeezy boost 380
à 23:42 le 28 décembre 2020 
I have to point out my affection for your generosity for individuals who actually need help on in this theme. Your very own commitment to getting the message throughout turned out to be unbelievably productive and have specifically made regular people like me to achieve their pursuits. Your personal valuable recommendations can mean so much a person like me and additionally to my peers. Many thanks; from each one of us.
yeezy boost 380 http://www.yeezyboost380.us
Répondre lebron 17
à 23:46 le 28 décembre 2020 
I simply had to appreciate you again. I do not know the things that I could possibly have gone through without the secrets shared by you on this industry. This has been a challenging difficulty in my position, but observing the specialized way you dealt with that made me to leap over joy. I am thankful for this work and then trust you are aware of a great job you happen to be getting into educating other individuals by way of your webpage. I'm certain you've never encountered any of us.
lebron 17 http://www.lebron17s.us
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 23:46 le 28 décembre 2020 
I really wanted to post a note so as to thank you for those lovely tips and tricks you are placing here. My incredibly long internet lookup has at the end been rewarded with awesome details to write about with my great friends. I 'd mention that many of us visitors actually are rather lucky to live in a great place with many outstanding individuals with great solutions. I feel rather privileged to have come across your webpage and look forward to many more brilliant times reading here. Thanks a lot once more for everything.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoose-outlet.us.com
Répondre yeezy supply
à 23:46 le 28 décembre 2020 
I must express my appreciation to you for bailing me out of this type of scenario. As a result of surfing throughout the search engines and meeting ways which are not beneficial, I figured my life was well over. Being alive without the answers to the difficulties you've fixed as a result of the review is a serious case, as well as ones that might have badly damaged my entire career if I had not encountered your blog. Your own personal natural talent and kindness in playing with a lot of stuff was helpful. I'm not sure what I would've done if I had not encountered such a point like this. I can at this time look ahead to my future. Thank you very much for the skilled and result oriented help. I won't think twice to suggest your site to anyone who needs and wants tips about this area.
yeezy supply http://www.yeezyshoessupply.com
Répondre stone island sale
à 23:46 le 28 décembre 2020 
I as well as my pals were found to be reading the best tips and hints from your web site and immediately got an awful feeling I had not thanked the web site owner for those tips. Most of the young men appeared to be consequently warmed to study all of them and already have surely been taking pleasure in those things. Appreciate your getting considerably considerate and for settling on varieties of smart guides most people are really eager to be aware of. Our sincere regret for not expressing gratitude to sooner.
stone island sale http://www.stoneislands.us
Répondre moncler
à 23:47 le 28 décembre 2020 
I precisely wanted to thank you so much again. I'm not certain the things I could possibly have worked on without the actual secrets provided by you on this concern. Entirely was an absolute hard crisis for me personally, nevertheless spending time with this well-written avenue you resolved that forced me to leap over fulfillment. Now i am happier for this information and thus expect you really know what a powerful job you have been putting in teaching the mediocre ones through your web blog. I know that you have never got to know all of us.
moncler http://www.monclerjackets.us
Répondre steph curry shoes
à 23:47 le 28 décembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of each of your work on this web page. Debby delights in doing research and it's really simple to grasp why. We notice all concerning the powerful mode you offer advantageous items by means of this blog and therefore strongly encourage contribution from people on this concept and my child has always been understanding a lot. Have fun with the rest of the year. You are conducting a really good job.
steph curry shoes http://www.stephencurry-shoes.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 23:47 le 28 décembre 2020 
I am only commenting to let you know of the notable encounter my friend's girl developed viewing your web site. She came to understand some pieces, not to mention what it is like to possess an amazing coaching spirit to make the rest quite simply understand various multifaceted topics. You actually did more than our desires. Thank you for providing the interesting, dependable, explanatory and also unique tips about that topic to Emily.
jordan shoes http://www.jordanstoreonline.com
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 23:47 le 28 décembre 2020 
Thank you for your own labor on this site. My aunt really loves making time for investigation and it's really obvious why. All of us know all concerning the powerful method you give very useful suggestions by means of the blog and as well as invigorate response from the others about this topic and our daughter is in fact being taught so much. Enjoy the rest of the new year. You are doing a fabulous job.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrieirvingshoes.us.com
Répondre lebron 15
à 23:47 le 28 décembre 2020 
My wife and i were absolutely cheerful when Raymond could do his web research because of the ideas he was given out of your weblog. It's not at all simplistic to simply choose to be giving away concepts that most people could have been selling. Therefore we take into account we need the website owner to appreciate for that. These illustrations you've made, the simple website navigation, the friendships you will help to engender - it's most excellent, and it is helping our son in addition to the family recognize that the matter is excellent, which is highly serious. Many thanks for all the pieces!
lebron 15 http://www.lebron15.net
Répondre westbrook shoes
à 0:01 le 29 décembre 2020 
I really wanted to post a small remark in order to thank you for these amazing concepts you are writing at this website. My extensive internet search has at the end been rewarded with wonderful information to go over with my close friends. I 'd assume that we site visitors actually are quite fortunate to be in a wonderful website with very many brilliant professionals with insightful things. I feel pretty blessed to have encountered your entire webpages and look forward to tons of more cool minutes reading here. Thanks a lot once again for a lot of things.
westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 0:04 le 29 décembre 2020 
I simply wanted to type a small comment in order to say thanks to you for all of the great guidelines you are placing on this website. My extended internet research has at the end been paid with reputable strategies to write about with my co-workers. I would state that that most of us website visitors are undoubtedly lucky to be in a remarkable community with so many marvellous people with great techniques. I feel really fortunate to have come across your entire web site and look forward to plenty of more excellent moments reading here. Thanks once again for a lot of things.
supreme clothing http://www.supremesclothing.us.org
Répondre stone island
à 0:13 le 29 décembre 2020 
Thank you for all of the labor on this web page. Gloria really likes getting into investigation and it's simple to grasp why. Almost all learn all of the lively means you convey helpful guidance via this web site and as well as increase response from visitors on the concept then our favorite princess is always understanding a lot. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the new year. You have been carrying out a really great job.
stone island http://www.stone-island.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 0:30 le 29 décembre 2020 
I and also my friends were taking note of the good strategies on your web page and the sudden came up with a horrible suspicion I had not thanked the blog owner for them. The guys were as a consequence glad to see all of them and now have pretty much been tapping into those things. I appreciate you for genuinely well thoughtful and then for pick out varieties of tremendous subject matter millions of individuals are really needing to know about. My very own honest apologies for not saying thanks to you earlier.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.adidasyeezy350v2boost.com
Répondre hermes birkin bag
à 0:32 le 29 décembre 2020 
I am also writing to let you understand of the notable discovery our princess undergone checking your site. She figured out a lot of issues, with the inclusion of how it is like to possess an ideal teaching spirit to have many more quite simply master chosen tricky matters. You truly did more than my expected results. Thanks for delivering these insightful, trustworthy, revealing and also unique tips on this topic to Gloria.
hermes birkin bag http://www.hermesbirkins.com
Répondre air jordan
à 0:53 le 29 décembre 2020 
I must show some thanks to you for rescuing me from this particular difficulty. As a result of surfing around through the the net and seeing ways that were not productive, I assumed my entire life was well over. Living without the presence of strategies to the problems you've solved by way of this review is a serious case, and the kind which might have adversely affected my entire career if I hadn't come across your web page. Your actual knowledge and kindness in taking care of every aspect was helpful. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come upon such a thing like this. I am able to at this point relish my future. Thanks so much for your high quality and results-oriented guide. I will not hesitate to suggest the website to any individual who needs to have guidance on this issue.
air jordan http://www.jordanstoreonline.com
0