Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre kyrie 7
à 22:13 le 1 janvier 2021 
I precisely wanted to thank you very much again. I'm not certain what I would've used without the actual suggestions documented by you about this subject matter. This was a real intimidating crisis in my view, however , finding out your professional technique you dealt with that took me to cry with joy. Now i'm happier for the assistance and hope that you find out what a great job you were doing training the mediocre ones using a web site. More than likely you haven't come across any of us.
kyrie 7 http://www.kyrie7.us
Répondre lebron shoes
à 22:25 le 1 janvier 2021 
Thank you so much for giving everyone a very special chance to check tips from this website. It is often so enjoyable and jam-packed with a good time for me and my office fellow workers to search your website at least 3 times a week to find out the latest items you have got. And indeed, we're always amazed considering the splendid pointers you give. Certain 2 points in this article are basically the simplest I've ever had.
lebron shoes http://www.lebron17s.us
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 22:56 le 1 janvier 2021 
Thanks for your own work on this blog. My niece delights in carrying out investigation and it is easy to understand why. We all learn all of the compelling means you offer sensible guidance through this web blog and cause response from some other people on that concept plus our girl is without question starting to learn a great deal. Have fun with the remaining portion of the year. You're the one performing a very good job.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengooses.us
Répondre curry 8
à 22:57 le 1 janvier 2021 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with remarkably memorable opportunity to read articles and blog posts from this site. It is usually very pleasing and jam-packed with a lot of fun for me personally and my office acquaintances to search your website at the least thrice in a week to find out the newest things you have got. Not to mention, I'm actually satisfied with your striking guidelines you give. Certain 2 tips on this page are clearly the most beneficial we have had.
curry 8 http://www.curry8.us
Répondre russell westbrook shoes
à 22:57 le 1 janvier 2021 
Thank you for your whole effort on this web site. My niece take interest in participating in research and it is simple to grasp why. Many of us learn all regarding the dynamic manner you provide advantageous tricks on this website and in addition boost contribution from some others about this subject matter and our own princess is truly discovering a great deal. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the new year. You have been carrying out a stunning job.
russell westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
Répondre yeezy boost
à 23:26 le 1 janvier 2021 
I am just writing to make you be aware of of the helpful discovery my cousin's girl experienced viewing your web page. She even learned too many pieces, with the inclusion of what it is like to have an excellent giving style to make folks just grasp chosen advanced subject areas. You undoubtedly did more than our expected results. I appreciate you for offering such necessary, trusted, revealing not to mention easy tips on that topic to Janet.
yeezy boost http://www.yeezy-boost.com
Répondre jordan sneakers
à 23:37 le 1 janvier 2021 
I want to get across my affection for your kindness giving support to individuals who really want help on that subject. Your personal dedication to passing the solution around was rather invaluable and have regularly encouraged somebody like me to attain their pursuits. The valuable tips and hints signifies so much a person like me and especially to my fellow workers. Thank you; from everyone of us.
jordan sneakers http://www.jordanssneakers.us.com
Répondre knezo clothing
à 23:37 le 1 janvier 2021 
I as well as my guys were actually reviewing the excellent tactics from the blog and quickly got a horrible suspicion I never thanked the website owner for those tips. The young men were definitely as a result joyful to read through them and now have surely been taking advantage of those things. Thanks for genuinely quite thoughtful and then for settling on such notable tips millions of individuals are really wanting to be aware of. My sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to you earlier.
knezo clothing http://www.kenzoclothing.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 23:56 le 1 janvier 2021 
I must express my appreciation to the writer for rescuing me from this dilemma. Right after surfing through the world wide web and meeting suggestions that were not helpful, I thought my entire life was over. Existing without the presence of solutions to the issues you've resolved all through your main short post is a crucial case, as well as the ones that might have in a negative way damaged my entire career if I hadn't come across your blog post. Your own expertise and kindness in playing with every aspect was useful. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't discovered such a stuff like this. It's possible to at this point look forward to my future. Thanks for your time very much for the professional and sensible help. I will not think twice to suggest your web site to anybody who should receive care about this problem.
supreme clothing http://www.supremesonline.com
Répondre jordan 4
à 0:10 le 2 janvier 2021 
I happen to be writing to make you know what a cool encounter my wife's child went through using the blog. She even learned plenty of details, with the inclusion of what it's like to have an excellent teaching mood to have the mediocre ones with no trouble grasp a variety of advanced matters. You really exceeded our own expected results. I appreciate you for producing the beneficial, trustworthy, educational and even unique tips on this topic to Evelyn.
jordan 4 http://www.jordan4.us.com
Répondre jordan 11
à 0:12 le 2 janvier 2021 
I simply had to thank you very much yet again. I do not know the things that I would've worked on without the smart ideas contributed by you concerning such a area of interest. It was before a troublesome setting for me personally, nevertheless witnessing the well-written mode you dealt with the issue made me to weep for delight. Extremely happy for your work and even have high hopes you find out what a great job you happen to be providing teaching the mediocre ones using your blog post. I am certain you haven't encountered any of us.
jordan 11 http://www.jordan11retro.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost
à 0:12 le 2 janvier 2021 
I enjoy you because of all of your hard work on this website. My mother takes pleasure in going through internet research and it's really obvious why. Many of us know all relating to the compelling form you make informative solutions by means of this website and therefore inspire participation from some other people on that subject matter and our favorite princess is truly studying so much. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the new year. You have been doing a glorious job.
yeezy boost http://www.yeezy-shoes.us.org
Répondre off white
à 1:01 le 2 janvier 2021 
I just wanted to type a note to express gratitude to you for the precious techniques you are writing on this website. My prolonged internet investigation has at the end been recognized with professional concept to talk about with my colleagues. I would assert that many of us readers are really lucky to be in a great place with very many perfect professionals with very helpful points. I feel pretty grateful to have used your weblog and look forward to so many more entertaining times reading here. Thanks once more for all the details.
off white http://www.offwhiteoutlet.us.org
Répondre kd shoes
à 1:56 le 2 janvier 2021 
Thanks for all of the hard work on this website. Betty take interest in carrying out research and it's really simple to grasp why. A lot of people notice all relating to the dynamic form you give effective information by means of the web blog and even encourage contribution from other ones on the topic and our favorite child is really studying a great deal. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the new year. You are always conducting a really good job.
kd shoes http://www.kd13shoes.us
Répondre yeezy 500
à 2:28 le 2 janvier 2021 
I actually wanted to compose a quick comment to express gratitude to you for all of the amazing tricks you are posting on this site. My incredibly long internet look up has finally been rewarded with professional know-how to share with my companions. I 'd repeat that we site visitors are unequivocally lucky to exist in a fine network with very many perfect professionals with very helpful pointers. I feel really blessed to have discovered your entire weblog and look forward to tons of more brilliant moments reading here. Thanks once again for a lot of things.
yeezy 500 http://www.yeezy-shoes.us.org
Répondre russell westbrook shoes
à 2:28 le 2 janvier 2021 
I would like to show appreciation to this writer just for bailing me out of this type of challenge. Right after searching throughout the the web and getting methods which were not productive, I assumed my entire life was gone. Living without the presence of answers to the issues you have fixed through your blog post is a serious case, as well as ones which may have in a wrong way damaged my entire career if I had not come across your web blog. Your personal know-how and kindness in dealing with almost everything was useful. I am not sure what I would've done if I had not discovered such a point like this. I am able to at this time look forward to my future. Thanks a lot so much for the specialized and results-oriented guide. I will not hesitate to suggest your web sites to anybody who should receive support about this matter.
russell westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
Répondre kd 12 shoes
à 2:29 le 2 janvier 2021 
I precisely desired to say thanks yet again. I do not know what I would've achieved in the absence of the strategies discussed by you over such question. Entirely was a traumatic dilemma in my opinion, however , viewing a new skilled tactic you dealt with the issue took me to leap with gladness. I am just thankful for your work and expect you realize what a powerful job you are always providing instructing most people all through your web page. I am certain you've never got to know all of us.
kd 12 shoes http://www.kd12.org
Répondre lebron 15
à 2:29 le 2 janvier 2021 
I definitely wanted to make a small note to be able to thank you for all the amazing strategies you are posting here. My long internet research has at the end of the day been recognized with awesome information to write about with my friends and classmates. I would believe that many of us website visitors actually are extremely blessed to live in a really good website with many marvellous professionals with interesting points. I feel really lucky to have seen your site and look forward to tons of more fabulous minutes reading here. Thanks again for a lot of things.
lebron 15 http://www.lebron15.net
Répondre kyrie 4
à 2:30 le 2 janvier 2021 
I wish to express my admiration for your kindness supporting folks who really need help on your area. Your special dedication to passing the solution along was certainly functional and has frequently enabled some individuals like me to achieve their aims. Your entire interesting guideline denotes a lot to me and far more to my peers. Thank you; from everyone of us.
kyrie 4 http://www.kyrie4shoes.us
Répondre curry shoes
à 2:33 le 2 janvier 2021 
I am just writing to make you understand of the awesome encounter my cousin's child encountered studying yuor web blog. She noticed such a lot of pieces, which included what it is like to have a wonderful giving heart to get the others without hassle know several complicated issues. You really surpassed her expected results. Thank you for imparting those useful, healthy, revealing and in addition fun guidance on that topic to Gloria.
curry shoes http://www.curry6.net
0